Financial Projection Essay Example For Students

Monetary Projection Essay monetary projection fundamental component of arranging that is the reason for planning exercises and evaluating future financing needs of a firm. Monetary projections (conjectures) start with anticipating deals and their related costs. The essential strides in monetary determining are: (1) venture the organizations deals; (2) venture factors, for example, costs and resources; (3) gauge the degree of interest in current and fixed resources that is required to help the anticipated deals; and (4) figure the organizations financing needs. The fundamental instruments for budgetary anticipating incorporate the percent-of-deals technique, relapse examination , and money related demonstrating. Money related Forecasting Financial Forecasting portrays the procedure by which firms consider and get ready for what's to come. The estimating procedure gives the way to a firm to communicate its objectives and needs and to guarantee that they are inside reliable. It additionally helps the firm in distinguishing the advantage prerequisites and requirements for outer financing. For instance, the important driver of the anticipating procedure is commonly the business estimate. Since most Balance Sheet and Income Statement accounts are identified with deals, the guaging procedure can enable the firm to survey the expansion in Current and Fixed Assets which will be expected to help the anticipated deals level. Additionally, the outer financing which will be expected to pay for the guage increment in resources can be resolved. Firms additionally have objectives identified with Capital Structure (the blend of obligation and value used to back the organizations resources), Dividend Policy, and Working Capital Management. Along these lines, the anticipating procedure permits the firm to decide whether its estimated deals development rate is reliable with its ideal Capital Structure and Dividend Policy. The estimating approach introduced in this area is the Percentage of Sales strategy. It figures the Balance Sheet and Income Statement by expecting that most records keep up a fixed extent of Sales. This methodology, albeit genuinely straightforward, shows a significant number of the issues identified with determining and can promptly be reached out to take into account an increasingly adaptable strategy, for example, anticipating things on an individual premise. Ideas Percentage of Sales Method The Percentage of Sales Method is a Financial Forecasting approach which depends on the reason that most Balance Sheet and Income Statement Accounts differ with deals. In this way, the key driver of this technique is the Sales Forecast and dependent on this, Pro-Forma Financial Statements (I. e. , guage) can be built and the organizations requirements for outside financing can be recognized. The figurings represented on this page will allude to the Balance Sheet and Income Statement which follow. The determined Sales development rate in this model is 25% Balance Sheet ($ in Millions)| Assets| 1999| Liabilities and Owners Equity| 1999| Current Assets| Â | Current Liabilities| Â | Cash| 200| Accounts Payable| 400 | Accounts Receivable| 400 | Notes Payable| 400 | Inventory| 600 | Total Current Liabilities| 800 | Total Current Assets| 1200 | Long-Term Liabilities| Â | Â | Long-Term Debt| 500| Fixed Assets| Â | Total Long-Term Liabilities| 500| Net Fixed Assests| 800 | Owners Equity| Â | | Â | Common Stock ($1 Par)| 300| | Â | Retained Earnings| 400| Â | Total Owners Equity| 700| Total Assets| 2000 | Total Liab. what's more, Owners Equity| 2000| | Income Statement ($ in Millions)| | 1999| Â | Sales| 1200| Â | Cost of Goods Sold| 900| Â | Taxable Income| 300| Â | Taxes| 90 | Â | Net Income| 210| Â | Dividends| 70| Â | Addition to Retained Earnings| 140| Â | | Percentages of Sales The initial step is to communicate the Balance Sheet and Income Statement accounts which fluctuate legitimately with Sales as rates of Sales. This is finished by separating the equalization for these records for the current year (1999) by deals income for the current year. The Balance Sheet accounts which for the most part shift intimately with Sales are Cash, Accounts Receivable, Inventory, and Accounts Payable. Fixed Assets are additionally regularly tied near Sales, except if there is overabundance limit. (The issue of abundance limit will be tended to in External Financing Needed area. ) For this model, we will expect that Fixed Assets are as of now at full limit and, in this manner, will shift straightforwardly will deals. Held Earnings on the Balance Sheet speak to the total aggregate of the organizations income which have been reinvested in the firm. Subsequently, the adjustment in this record is connected to Sales; be that as it may, the connection originates from relationship betwen Sales development and Earnings The Notes Payable, Long-Term Debt, and Common Stock records don't shift consequently with Sales. The adjustments in these records rely on how the firm decides to raise the assets expected to help the guage development in Sales. On the Income Statement, Costs are communicated as a level of Sales. Since we are expecting that all expenses stay at a fixed level of Sales, Net Income can be communicated as a level of Sales. This shows the Profit Margin. Assessments are communicated as a level of Taxable Income (to decide the duty rate). Profits and Addition to Retained Earnings are communicated as a level of Net Income to decide the Payout and Retention Ratios separately. Level of Sales Calculations | The models in this crate represent the estimations which were utilized to decide the rates gave in the accompanying Balance Sheet and Income Statement. Cash| Cash/Sales = $200/$1200 = . 1667 = 16. 67%| Inventory| Inventory/Sales = $600/$1200 = . 5 = 50%| Accounts Payable| (Accounts Payable)/Sales = $400/$1200 = . 3333 = 33. 33%| Costs| Costs/Sales = $900/$1200 = . 5 = 75%| Taxes| Taxes/(Taxable Income) = $90/$300 = . 3 = 30%| Net Income| (Net Income)/Sales = $210/$1200 = . 175 = 17. 5%| Dividends| Dividends/(Net Income) = $70/$210 = . 3333 = 33. 33%| | Balance Sheet ($ in Millions)| Assets| 1999| %| Liabilities and Owners Equity| 1999| %| Current Assets| Â | Â | Current Liabilities| Â | Cash| 200| 16. 67% | Accounts Payable| 400 | 33. 33% | Accounts Receivable| 400 | 33. 33% | Notes Payable| 400 | N/A | Inventory| 600 | 50. 00% | Total Current Liabilities| 800 | Total Current Assets| 1200 | Long-Term Liabilities| Â | Â | Â | Long-Term Debt| 500| N/A | Pugnacious Abortion EssayBalance Sheet ($ in Millions)| Assets| 1999| Liabilities and Owners Equity| 1999| Current Assets| Â | Current Liabilities| Â | Cash| 200| Accounts Payable| 400 | Accounts Receivable| 400 | Notes Payable| 400 | Inventory| 600 | Total Current Liabilities| 800 | Total Current Assets| 1200 | Long-Term Liabilities| Â | Â | Long-Term Debt| 500| Fixed Assets| Â | Total Long-Term Liabilities| 500| Net Fixed Assests| 800 | Owners Equity| Â | | Â | Common Stock ($1 Par)| 300| | Â | Retained Earnings| 400| | Â | Total Owners Equity| 700| Total Assets| 2000 | Total Liab. nd Owners Equity| 2000| | Income Statement ($ in Millions)| | 1999| Â | Sales| 1200| Â | Cost of Goods Sold| 900| Â | Taxable Income| 300| Â | Taxes| 90 | Â | Net Income| 210| Â | Dividends| 70| Â | Addition to Retained Earnings| 140| Â | | Full Capacity The condition used to figure EFN when fixed resources are being used at full limit is given underneath. (It would be ideal if you n ote that this condition depends on similar suspicions that underly the Percentage of Sales Method. Specifically that the Profit Margin and the Retention Ratio are consistent. ) where * S0 = Current Sales, S1 = Forecasted Sales = S0(1 + g), * g = the determined development rate is Sales, * A*0 = Assets (at time 0) which differ legitimately with Sales, * L*0 = Liabilities (at time 0) which shift straightforwardly with Sales, * PM = Profit Margin = (Net Income)/(Sales), and * b = Retention Ratio = (Addition to Retained Earnings)/(Net Income). At the point when the firm is using its advantages at full capcacity, A*0 will rise to Total Assets. L*0 regularly comprises of Accounts Payable (and if present Accruals). The rationale of hidden this condition can be clarified as follows. * = the necessary increment in Assets, = the unconstrained increment in Liabilities, and * = the unconstrained increment in Retained Earnings. The incresed in Liabilities and Retained Earnings in the condition a re viewed as unconstrained on the grounds that the happen basically consequently as a result of the firm leading its business. Full Capacity Example | Use the Balance Sheet and Income Statement above to decide the EFN given that Fixed Assets are being used at full limit and the guage development rate in Sales is 25%. Solution:First figure the Forecasted Sales. S1 = 1200(1 + . 5) = $1500Next, settle utilizing the EFN condition. Note that we are subbing (Net Income)/(Sales) revenue driven Margin and (Addition to Retained Earnings)/(Net Income) for the Retention Ratio. | Excess Capacity If the firm has overabundance limit in its Fixed Assets then the Fixed Assets might not need to increment so as to help the anticipated deals level. In addition, if the Fixed Assets do need to increment so as to help the guage deals level, at that point they won't need to increment by as much as would be required in the event that they were being utilized at full limit. At the point when a firm has overabundance limit in its Fixed Assets the initial step is to decide the business level that the current Fixed Assets can bolster. This can be controlled by partitioning Current Sales by the level of limit at which the Fixed Assets are directly being used. This business level is called Full Capacity Sales, SFC. Whenever Forecasted Sales are not exactly Full Capacity Sales, at that point fixed resources don't have to increment to help the guage deals level. Then again, whenever Forecasted Sales are more noteworthy than Full Capacity Sales, at that point Fixed Assets should increment. We will consider these two cases underneath. Case 1: S1 Less Than SFC When the Forecasted Sales are not exactly or equivalent to Full Capac

How Multiple Incidents Develop the Plot Line in The Great Gatsby :: essays research papers fc

F. Scott Fitzgerald splendidly composed numerous books just as short stories. One of his most popular works is The Great Gatsby. In the novel, the primary character Jay Gatsby attempts to acquire his lifetime dreams: riches and Daisy Buchanan. All through the story, he works at accomplishing his objectives while defeating numerous hindrances. Fitzgerald’s plot line depends intensely on mishaps, indiscretion, and misguided judgments, which eventually uncover the fundamental subjects in the story. During the book, Fitzgerald can make an unrivaled storyline by tying all the occasions in the story, legitimately or in a roundabout way, together. Ernest Lockridge notes in his reactions about the book: However in a triumph of craftsmanship, Fitzgerald makes even mishaps appear unaccidental, he joins ‘real’ clutter inside anecdotal request. He achieves this by reiteration (in the ‘real’ world, redundancy doesn't exist): the mishap including Tom and the housekeeper, the reference to both Nick and Jordan pastry specialist as ‘bad drivers,’ the disaster area simply outside Gatsby’s garage after his gathering in which, as in Tom’s mishap, a wheel is ripped off, the attempt at manslaughter demise of Myrtle Wilson, lastly the coincidental combination of occasions which prompts Gatsby’s murder and Wilson’s self destruction. Lockridge, 7 Fitzgerald is equipped for picking an occasion and alluding back to it while as yet remaining on theme. One of these occasions is mishaps. Pretty much every character is identified with a mishap that happens to another character: When we [Gatsby and Daisy] left New York she was extremely apprehensive and she figured it would consistent her to driveâ€and this lady [Myrtle Wilson] hurried out at us similarly as we were passing a vehicle coming the other way. Everything occurred in a moment,  â â â â but I couldn't help suspecting that she needed to address us, thought we were someone she knew. All things considered, first Daisy got some distance from the lady toward the other vehicle, and afterward she lost her nerve and turned around. The second my hand arrived in the driver's seat I felt shockâ€it more likely than not killed her right away. Gatsby; 151 As one of the fundamental mishaps in the story, Fitzgerald interfaces the passing of Myrtle Wilson to Daisy. The association is totally inadvertent, on the grounds that Daisy doesn't have the foggiest idea about that Myrtle is her husband’s courtesan. In this occurrence, Fitzgerald can make incongruity between the two characters to make one feel that it was really not a mishap, when as a general rule it was.      During the course of the story, it is important that a portion of the characters in the book utilize imprudent activities.

Room and Board and Tuition, Oh My!

Room and Board and Tuition, Oh My! So, you committed to a college and feel on top of the world until you look at the estimated cost for tuition, room and board, books, personal expenses The good news is that there are so many scholarships out there just waiting to be applied for. Im here to help you discover those scholarships, and hopefully relieve some fear of the financial burden. University Scholarships Within majors, the University of Illinois has scholarships. While I can only speak for the College of Education, I can truthfully and honestly say that these scholarships are incredibly helpful.  The application is online so it is easy access. It took me about an hour to fill out the entire thing, and then another hour to review and edit my writing. Also, the College of Education gives a scholarship to any student that decides to study abroad, too. Community Organizations/Employers Ask around in your community  for scholarships, as well. Organizations such as  the  Boy Scouts or Girl Scouts, 4-H Club or Elks National Foundation often offer scholarships to college students. The applications will vary, as well as the value, but any bit counts! Another great resource for scholarships is your employer. Many companies offer scholarships for college students. For example,  The McDonalds Educates Scholarship Program offers a $1,000 award each year to a high-achieving student employee. Free Online Scholarship Searches As a last resort, there are plenty of online search engines to find scholarships. The downfall of this method is reliability. These search engines are great, though, because they are simple, holistic, and easy to apply for. Examples of search bases include ScholarshipExperts.com, FindTuition.com, and Petersons College Scholarship Search. We all know that the last thing anyone wants to do after filling out tons of college applications is fill out more applications, but the payoff is definitely worth it. Push through the essays. You can do it! Rachel Class of 2020 I am studying Middle Grades Education with concentrations in Social Sciences and Literacy in the College of Education. Although I now reside in Champaign, I am originally from Vernon Hills, a Northwest suburb of Chicago.

Air Pollution in My Hometown - 1387 Words

In the past few months, my hometown has suffered severe air pollution problems. The smog caused by pollution has existed for years in major cities in China, including Beijing, Shanghai and my hometown. Most of urban areas in middle and northern China are struggling with air pollution, even some tropical regions could be affected. Surrounded by the fantastic fresh air in Seattle, I felt frustrated about the bad pollution problems in China. Every time I enjoy the beautiful skyline and sunshine in Seattle, I cannot help worrying about why people in my country could do have the same. The beauty of nature tends to completely vanish in many cities in China. Blue sky and fresh air have never become so precious. As China’s economy and industrial development grow rapidly since 1980s, urbanization has caused tremendous expansion of urban area around megacities in China. The massive, yet not well-regulated development in China has led to massive energy consumption and emissions of air po llutants. Environmental issues have become one of the most devastating problems threatening the future development of China. Beijing, Shanghai, and the Pearl River region, for instance, Guangzhou and Hong Kong, have accounted for about 20% of the national GDP in 2005. These regions, particularly Beijing and Shanghai, have become the victims of air pollution for years. It is obviously worthy spending some time investigating this severe issue. First of all, we must have a firm concept of how bad the airShow MoreRelatedUlaanbaatar the Capital City of Mongolia, Place She Should Never Visit899 Words   |  4 Pagesessay City behind the curtain of smoke The capital city of Mongolia is called Ulaanbaatar. 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Simple Décrire Verb Conjugations in French

In French, to say to describe, you must use the verb  dà ©crire. Admittedly, conjugating this verb to mean described or will describe is not the easiest thing to do. However, a quick lesson and some dedicated practice will help you memorize this tricky verb. Conjugating the French Verb  Dà ©crire Dà ©crire  is an  irregular verb, so it does not follow one of the common verb conjugation patterns found in French. Yet, all  French verbs ending in  -crire  are conjugated this way. You might consider studying a few at the same time to make learning each just a little easier. Conjugations transform the verb into the present, future, or past tense so the sentence makes sense. This is done by identifying the verb stem — in this case,  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹dà ©cri- — then adding the appropriate infinitive ending for the subject pronoun. For instance, I describe is je dà ©cris and we will describe is nous dà ©crirons. Subject Present Future Imperfect je dà ©cris dà ©crirai dà ©crivais tu dà ©cris dà ©criras dà ©crivais il dà ©cris dà ©crira dà ©crivait nous dà ©crivons dà ©crirons dà ©crivions vous dà ©crivez dà ©crirez dà ©criviez ils dà ©crivent dà ©criront dà ©crivaient The Present Participle of  Dà ©crire When you add -ant  to the verb stem of  dà ©crire, you form the  present participle  dà ©crivant. It is a verb, of course, yet youll also find it used as an adjective, gerund, or noun at times. The Past Participle and Passà © Composà © The  past participle  of  dà ©crire  is  dà ©crit.  Its used in the construction of the  passà © composà ©Ã‚  for the past tense of described. To use it, you must also conjugate the  auxiliary verb  avoir. The passà © composà © comes together quickly once you know these rules. As an example, I described is jai dà ©crit and we described is nous avons dà ©crit. More Simple Dà ©crire  Conjugations Among the other simple verb conjugations of  dà ©crire  that you should know are the subjunctive and conditional. Each implies some degree of uncertainty or dependency in the act of deciding. In literature, youll come across either the passà © simple or imperfect subjunctive forms. While you may not use them yourself, recognizing them as a form of  dà ©crire  will help with comprehension. Subject Subjunctive Conditional Passà © Simple Imperfect Subjunctive je dà ©crive dà ©crirais dà ©crivis dà ©crivisse tu dà ©crives dà ©crirais dà ©crivis dà ©crivisses il dà ©crive dà ©crirait dà ©crivit dà ©crivà ®t nous dà ©crivions dà ©cririons dà ©crivà ®mes dà ©crivissions vous dà ©criviez dà ©cririez dà ©crivà ®tes dà ©crivissiez ils dà ©crivent dà ©criraient dà ©crivirent dà ©crivissent In short, assertive commands and requests, the imperative verb form is used. When using this, keep the sentence short and skip the subject pronoun: dà ©cris rather than tu dà ©cris. Imperative (tu) dà ©cris (nous) dà ©crivons (vous) dà ©crivez

Myth and the Evolution of Heroes Free Essays

What is a hero? What comes to your mind when someone speaks of heroes and or heroines or Super Heroes and Heroines for that matter? Well lets see, Webster defines a super hero as a benevolent fictional character with superhuman powers and a hero as a person, typically a man, who is admired or idealized for their courage and outstanding achievements, and is typically identified as a person of noble qualities. A person who people will sympathize with. A man of the people. We will write a custom essay sample on Myth and the Evolution of Heroes or any similar topic only for you Order Now Or, the people’s champion if you will. These character types are often used in media and education and can be applied to almost any story, be it in literature, theatre, film, television series, games, or whatever. In classical mythology we find some of the first of many accounts of these Hero’s. In all actuality they could be called the first super hero’s. Although they did not have the superpowers that we come to expect from modern day super hero’s they still make the cut. And in many ways the heroes of legend could be what you would expect from (and I do use this loosely) real superheroes. See the births, backgrounds, and life’s of these characters are a bit more on the adult side of the movie store so to speak. They tend to reflect that of real people and real life. Not the real life that is watered down and boxed and fed to kids but the hard life and reality that we all come to realize is reality the more we grow up. Their stories are that of struggle, humility, sacrifices, and all that trial and tribulation that you have come to know and loathe through out the years. But at the same time they stick with the layout that, as though given to them of Russian scholar Vladimir Propp. See Propp broke down almost all myth with the publication of â€Å"Morphology of the Folk tale†. In this publication he depicted that all folk tales follow what is essentially a predefined course of action for almost all stories. Oddly enough this is still relevant to this day. A summary of which is the following: The hero usually has a birth that is very out of the normal. And from the moment of his birth he usually undergoes and over comes a threat to his life as a small child. As he grows up he usually under goes an extreme task and or an extreme amount of small tasks that for some reason or another he feels or is expected of him to prove his worth. Or these tasks maybe forces upon the hero by the antagonist. Usually these task are almost impossible and the hero then begins to meet friends and ally’s that aid him on his quest. These quests usually involve all type of thrills chills and of course the possibility of death for our hero. (Come on what epic story would be complete with out that? Also these quests always come with some sort of taboos that the hero must not do. They usually exist in the form of challenges that conflict’s with the up bringing of the character. Upon the over coming of that challenge the hero usually grows up, if their a kid you start to see where the hero is growing up. This concept is generally really popular with the long running cartoon stories of kids and helps the viewer learn right along side our protagonist. Th e viewer then grows with them and grows up with the character themselves learning life lessons. This is a good and bad thing. Because of this in modern society we have generations of children raised by stories as such. For some odd reason I guess lazy parents have taken these stories as alternatives to raising their children themselves. Ultimately death is the ultimate conquest that the hero will end up facing. This usually comes in the form of some journey to the underworld or realm of the dead or whatever they choose to call it. In some instances the hero actually dies and is resurrected. I know of a few stories where the hero dies and is resurrected numerous times symbolic of the conquest over death or maybe just the mocking of it to show off the heroes might. That not even death can stop them. From this point the hero then usually reaches a point of enlightenment or transcends into a higher being. This is a rough summary of Propp’s outline but most stories and heroes of legend commit to it. For example one of the most notable of extraordinary births is Perseus. Zeus got a hold of his mother while she was locked up in an underground chamber. After his birth his mother raised him there for four years in secret. After Acrisius discovered the birth of the child he put him and his mother in their coffin for an old sea man’s burial. They set a float until they landed on the island of Seriphos and were discovered by the old fisherman Dictys. Even when the hero’s are young or in some cases in there infancy they under go tribulation. Like Oedipus who’s name means â€Å"swollen-footed†. This is cause his feet were tied together when he was a baby so that he may never walk. He was to fulfill a prophecy that said he would kill his father and marry his mother, and thus brought disaster on his city and family. So he was supposed to be casted out into the wilderness and left to die. Fortune favors the young hero and he is eventually taken in and cared for until he comes of age and has Propp’s states must under go labors to prove his worth. The growing pains of Heracles’ 12 labors are probably the most famous in all of classical myth. The labors of the character’s journey are what transform the protagonist from joe-shmo to our loveable and courage’s hero. The meat and potatoes of the story, for it is here where they evolve into the hero. Cause their actions usually start from seemingly mundane but upon the completion of their mission they gain the praise of the people. In most cased because they end up saving a city, or a massive amount of people from destruction. Or a young woman of noble birth that resides, as say a princess of a powerful city. In some really basic stories after the completion of this the hero becomes king or just saves the day and wins the girl and then lives happily ever after. In others the end of the labors are signified by the defeat of the antagonist. Like the killing of Hector by Achilles. Some of my favorites are when upon the conclusion of the finale the hero dies. I know that sound kind of bad but the ending is more real because in these versions just as in real life there isn’t always a happy ending. Usually is these epics the hero is transformed into a legend and revered because of his ultimate sacrifice. Best example of this is Oedipus. He had worked his way into the Gods favor and upon his death Colonus was blessed. And through his death he was made into a hero once again. This motif is all to familiar to Christians for it is capstone for their believe structure. Theses allegories of myth show us how heroes come to be and through Propp’s illustration of all folktale template we see the underlying structure of all stories. And the evolution of all heroes. Works Cited Morford, Mark P. O and Roberet Lenardon. Classical Mythology 8th ed. New York: Oxford 2007. â€Å"Vladimir Propp† Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia. Wikimedia Foundation Inc. July 07, 2010. . How to cite Myth and the Evolution of Heroes, Papers

Evolutionary Of Psychology Science Of Mind - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Evolutionary Of Psychology Science Of Mind. Answer: According to Seligman and Csikszentmihalyi (2014), for a psychologist, it is necessary to have an open mind and to remain flexible in terms of behaviours with other people. Psychologists need to deal with people that have issues regarding any mental condition. These issues need to be dealt with in a manner so that the people do not feel violated or harassed in any ethical manner. I agree with the thought, as I believe that being a psychologist my duty is to understand such people. Curing these people is necessary in order to provide them with a healthy life. However, as a member of a society, I come across people whose attitudes and beliefs are different from mine. Hence, I need to adjust myself to these people and ensure that my sense of judgement does not come in the way of behaving properly with them. I need to be compassionate and understand the problems that are faced by the people. I also need to refrain from any ethical biases that may hinder my behaviour with the people. Howe ver, it is also important that I try to understand the root cause of the difference in beliefs and ideas as compared to mine. Neisser (2014) stated that sometimes a change in attitude and beliefs result due to cultural indifference. I need to respect the cultures and consequently need to respect the beliefs of the people practising such different cultures. In this regard, it can be said that some of the values and beliefs that I believe strongly includes equal opportunities of education and labour for both genders. This thought is one of the most strong points in our culture, as it is believed that men and women can provide the similar impact on a family. In our culture, the equality is seen as an opportunity for development of both the genders. However, there are people in the society who oppose the thought of educating women. This is mainly seen in cultures that have an Asian background. In the words of Piaget (2015), the culture of the Asian people is such that they prefer women to take care of household activities more than working outside. On one hand, I respect such cultural belief but on the other hand, I feel that this may provide a great deal of hindrance in the mentality of these people. With the changing time, it is also required that the thought process is changed (Buss, 2015). Thus, such thoughts need to be changed in orde r to blend in with the culture of the society in which these people currently reside. I have managed to develop myself with the thought that such beliefs can help me progress in my career and provide proper counselling to the people that require it. Hays (2016) stated that the best way to provide counselling to others is to understand self-limitation and strength. This can help in ensuring a long career in such fields as improvements can be made on the limitations that are analysed. In this regard, I can analyse some of my strengths and limitations that I possess. My strength lies in the fact that I can interact with people and build inspiring communication with them. I can provide counselling by inspiring people to perform the right thing. This can help me in enhancing my career as most counsellors may only suggest changes without providing any inspiration or guidelines. However, I lack the ability to think quickly about a possible solution. I need time to analyse the situation from every angle before providing a proper guideline to mitigate the situation. This is a huge negativity for me as due to this I may lose patients that require instant and quick solutions to their problems. Thus, this is an area of improvement required in order to prolong my career in counselling people. According to Fisher (2016), the method of behaviour and communication with different people need to vary from one person to another. For example in the case of people belonging to a different, it is necessary that racial comments be avoided while speaking with them. This is important in order to avoid any controversies related to racial discrimination. On the other hand, Jung (2014) stated that communication on worldview such as politics also needs to be avoided in order to avoid any type of stereotypical contexts. I agree with measures, as it is important for every people to maintain and respect their own cultures and thoughts. Hence, it is necessary not to engage in any comments that may hurt the people or make them feel unwanted in the society. Conversations regarding less complicated topics can be carried on with these people in order to avoid such problems. Thus, it can be concluded that as a psychologist it is necessary to understand the manner in which each people behave in the society. The thoughts and culture of every people vary depending upon the backgrounds of the people. It is very important for me to analyse my strengths and weaknesses in order to prove proper counselling to these people. The more I get to analyse myself the more effective I get in terms of pursuing my career. The conversations with people that think differently need to be of neutral topics to avoid any escalation of mind. Hence, taking such measures can help in avoiding any controversy within the society and ensure that harmony is maintained between the people and the different cultures. Reference Buss, D., (2015).Evolutionary psychology: The new science of the mind. Psychology Press. Fisher, C.B., (2016).Decoding the ethics code: A practical guide for psychologists. Sage Publications. Hays, P.A., (2016). Addressing cultural complexities in practice: Assessment, diagnosis, and therapy. Jung, C.G., (2014).Psychological types. Routledge. Neisser, U., (2014).Cognitive psychology: Classic edition. Psychology Press. Piaget, J., (2015).Structuralism (Psychology Revivals). Psychology Press. Seligman, M.E. Csikszentmihalyi, M., (2014). Positive psychology: An introduction. InFlow and the foundations of positive psychology(pp. 279-298). Springer Netherlands. Smith, J.A. ed., (2015).Qualitative psychology: A practical guide to research methods. Sage.

Newspapers Are Under Attack From The Net. What Strategies Might Be Followed To Survive

Essay Sample on Playground My Point of View

Essay Sample on Playground My Point of View â€Å"The playground† The smiling grass gives the impression of a healthy feeding by animals. The shining star from the East gives a sparkling outlook on the court giving the best of all Mother Nature can offer. The greenly parchments on the playground are a mouth-watering sight with kids displaying their skills in football and basketball. The movement of their feet resembling hockey sticks entails the search for happiness, compassion and togetherness by the kids. The running ball is all they want; the skinny ones are the fastest while the elephants bulldoze their tusks, as they chase the football. The shouting increases as the ball rolls to the east side chased by the impala fast handsome kid towards the trembling lily between the thin, tall gaping goal posts. A thunderous shot leaves a shaking net in its wake. Shouts of joy and jubilation fill the air. â€Å"Tap, tap, tap† as they move outdoing each other and â€Å"yeeeeees† the dunk is in. Clapping and shouting fills, the air with ecstas y and joy. The appealing smell of dust hits the nose as celebrations continue. Thumping of feet marks the end of celebrations. An amazing adventure it has turned out to be. â€Å"The other part of playing† The glaring sun seemed to request sweat from anyone including grass, which was determined not to give in. Everyone in the field is profusely sweating and the odor produced gives the housefly healthy competition. The moment the wonder strike was executed the faces of the kids in team A turned red. The embarrassment imprinted on their faces will take a decade to erase. Scampering to safety is Kaci the brown round faced little puppy without a care in this world but ensuring its tail is invisible between its thin legs. I am left wondering if it also knows the pain of losing. Coughing dust allergic kids deteriorates an already worse situation as they seem to want to outdo each other. Ooh, my God, the goalkeeper laments, the worst happens and is thinking of the career ahead of him. Clutching dipped heads in a line the movements certainly homebound. For today, that is, all they got and the pain of losing engraved in their minds as they depart. The grass in an illusion of their former self a re tired and sleepy; how good would the healing waters flow to drawn the sorrows of the day. Clicking cameras, their invention a big blunder, claim their stake in this piece of history. What an uncontrollable environment that has turned a field to a pool of emotional kids.

Time to Act on Global Sustainability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Time to Act on Global Sustainability - Essay Example Consumption of these resources has now reached their peak. Hubert's curve of oil production, a natural finite resource, shows that man's peak consumption and production of oil will be from years 2005 to 2010. After which it will decline at an exponential rate meaning that oil, which is as scientists calculated, used in about 500,000 different processes, will be finished. Can you even imagine a world without oil in it Look around you and try to spot anything which has not used oil in its production. You won't be able to because even if you see one thing in your room, you still used your car to go get it from the store didn't you Get my point This has actually created quite a stir in the world. People are actually predicting a third world ending in destruction of the earth as a result. But being students and having minds to think of creative solutions instead of brooding over our problems, there might actually be a way out. The best way to replace Mother Nature is Mother Nature! In other words, we need more Sustainable Resources. Let me explain. Oil other important resources that we are using presently are all finite. This means finding resources which are renewable and recyclable. The best thing is that we already use these resources, even if they are in a minute amount. So the primary research is already taken care of. Sustainable resources are those which keep on going and don't run out. A very simple example is of a forest. If you cut a tree, it will grow back in time. The forest then, has "sustained" itself. The key to this idea is to use these resources in a manner that they are not over consumed (used faster than they can be replaced naturally). Optimum consumption of these resources is the maximum use they can be put to, where the consumption rate is equal to the renewal rate. There are several types of sustainable resources: Hydro Power This is officially the largest source of renewable energy. Currently there is a production of 77,000 megawatts by this resource which is equal to providing 35 million homes with energy. It works by converting the flowing water into electrical energy with the use of turbines. Although it does not create any sort of pollution, it can harm aquatic life and displace landscapes. So it's not completely a guilt free way of producing power. Bio Energy As the name suggests, it is created by organic life decomposing. This source produces about 7000 megawatts of electricity of the world. This too produces sulphur dioxide gas but les of it in comparison with coal. Geothermal Energy Geo means earth and thermal translates to heat. This adds up to mean that geo thermal energy utilizes the steam and hot water found near the earth's core and turns it into electricity with the use of turbines. The only issue with this is that land sites with such a unique feature are very rare and setting up the plant is very expensive. However, it still produces about 2800 megawatts of energy annually. Wind Energy This produces about 2500 megawatts of energy. It works on the principle of a windmill. Simply put, wind rotates the blades which powers up a generator. The main disadvantages of this resource include very expensive machinery, hazardous for birds and unreliability of the wind because it's not present throughout the year. Solar Energy, photo voltaic cells These cells harness energy from sunlight by freeing electrons from unstable atoms in the

The Color Purple Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Color Purple - Annotated Bibliography Example The paper has been useful in understanding theological aspects of life and how people are confused between being loyal to God and taking actions to free themselves from the bondage. The information there in was very reliable and followed practical problems that bedevil many women. The presentation in the book is in particular important in my quest to understand the theology and how people may misunderstand praising God. The book has been very resourceful in the research about theology of believing and acting toward our own wellness. The novel has been helpful in new understanding of God This book is very explorative in world of theology and based on the female gender. It tries to explain how women are very religious especially when it comes to problems in their matrimonial homes. It compares women in two receiving ends of life: those who were happy in life and those in troubles. The two groups were then critically analyzed in the way they believe in God. In the assessment and evaluation of the book, it proved to be very resourceful to those with interest in theological aspects. Comparing with other sources in my research the book had an edge over the other because it made a comparative and with clear understanding. The information was very reliable and explorative with no biased in the group that were discussed. The goal of this book was to show that mostly people are drawn closer to God because of problem. The book was relevant in reserch work that involves theology of trusting in God. It fit perfectly well in those with interest in understanding way the poor and those who are in troubles end up being over religious This book explains sources of religious inspiration most of people. It explain why some people embrace nature and believe it to have powers to solves there problems while others believe in God in the heaven. In book, the two groups are depicted as having satisfaction in what

Consequence Global warming

Consequence Global warming Introduction Climate change and a consequence global warming can be seen all around us. It has already started shaping each and every aspect of our lives in more than one ways: from how we travel to what products we buy to where we live. Hence, there is a concern that the use of non-renewable fuels and other human activities are increasing greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, contributing to global warming. To avoid this, enthusiasm is spreading for cap-and-trade systems to regulate the amount of CO2 emitted to Earths atmosphere. A new currency is emerging in world markets. Unlike the dollars, Euros and yen that trade for tangible goods and human services, this new money exchanges for pollutionparticularly emissions of carbon dioxide, which are caused by burning fossil fuels and are the leading cause of global climate change. Carbon credits, as they are called, are poised to transform the world energy system and thus the world economy. Carbon credits are used as a currency that allows companies and individuals to compensate their carbon emissions. This is done by either reducing carbon dioxide release directly or through offsetting their GHG outputs. Carbon Credits originated historically from The United Nations Clean Development Mechanism which was under the Kyoto Protocol. It allows a fixed quantity of carbon credits to be traded. It is important for people to limit their impact on the environment and buy carbon credits to offset what they cant reduce and work towards reducing their offsets. Carbon trading as per the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is a big business in the open markets. Projects such as development of renewable energy, improving polluting industries, and planting carbon absorbing sinks are being funded by carbon credits. Companies and people are becoming carbon conscious by reducing their emissions. Many types of events and workings can generate carbon offsets. Renewable energy such as the wind farms, solar panels, geothermal energy, bio energy and small hydro turbines can create carbon offsets by replacing fossil fuels. Other varieties of offsets available for sale in the market include those including methane capturing from landfills or livestock, destruction of harmful greenhouse gases such as halocarbons, and carbon removal projects (such as reforestation) that absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Emission levels are increasing around the world and this has resulted in a number of companies wishing to buy more carbon credits. This would result in an increase in its market price and this would encourage businesses to perform more eco-friendly activities which would create more carbon credits to sell. Developed countries spend nearly $400-450 for every ton of reduction in CO2, as compared to $10-$25 spent by developing countries. Indias GHG emission is below the target and therefore, it can sell surplus credits to other countries. India is considered to possess about 31% of the total world carbon trade. This implies a trade opportunity of $25bn by 2010.This makes trading in carbon credits such a major business opportunity. Indiahas emerged as the leading horse in this race. More than 300 Indian entities have proceeded with their application for registering their CDM Project to avail carbon credits. Currently,1 carbon credit is worth 14 Euros. Indian companies can pose higher incomes from carbon credits as compared to their core business. The global carbon credit market was estimated $30 billion last year andis it is growing at tremendous pace. There is a need and a consequent demand to reduce 1 billion ton of carbon emissions in the world, in order to deal with threats like global warming. Indian companies have realized that money can be earned by becoming eco-friendly. With new infrastructure sector like power and steel developing in India, the carbon credit market will gain stature. The 800 million farming community in India also has an opportunity to sell Carbon Credits to developed nations. Companies like Wal-Mart, Dell and GE are going GREEN and purchasing carbon credits. These companies are improving their brand name, consumer confidence in their products. Global Warming Some Facts Global Warming Phenomenon Global warming has brought about one of the biggest challenges for planet earth in the 21st century. There is a global concern about the adverse impact of the emission of greenhouse gas (GHG) on the planet earths climate. Global warming is a phenomenon of gradual increase in earths temperature as a result of the increase in greenhouse gases. This is mainly due to two reasons: increase in human activities which have led to an increased production of Greenhouse Gases, and a reduction in the Earths natural Carbon Dioxide due to Deforestation. The green house effect has led to an increase in the temperature of the atmosphere near the earths surface. Shortwave light comes from the sun to the earth, and it passes unimpeded through a cover of greenhouse gases composed mainly of water vapor, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and ozone. Infrared radiation reflects off the planets surface toward space but does not easily pass through the thermal blanket. Some of it is trapped and reflected downward, keeping the planet at an average temperature suitable to life, about 60 °F (16 °C). Increase in the quantity of greenhouse gases is trapping more heat and increasing global temperatures, making a process that has been beneficial to life potentially disruptive and harmful. The major natural greenhouse gases on Earth are Greenhouse Gases % of Greenhouse Effect Carbon Dioxide (CO2) 70% Methane (CH4) 20% Nitrous Oxide 5% Fluorinated Gases 5% The atmospheric concentrations of CO2 and methane have increased by 31% and 149% respectively above pre-industrial levels since 1750. These levels are considerably higher than at any time during the last 650,000 years. Effects of Global Warming Action must be taken against greenhouse effect, otherwise it could lead to an increase in average global temperature between 2 and 4 degrees and this could happen as early as the year 2030. This increase in temperature would be more towards the poles as compared to the tropics. This would also result in more winters becoming warmer. Such an increase will make the world hotter than it has ever been in the last 100,000 years. The rate of increase in temperature will also be faster than ever before. Just a comparison, a rise of approx 3 degrees Celsius after the ice age took many thousands of years. By the end of this century temperatures can reach those that were in the time of the dinosaurs making the survival of humans impossible. The effects can already be seen- the ten hottest years since the 18th century have been in the previous 15 years. Hurricanes will occur more frequently as oceans heat up resulting in increased water evaporation. Evidence is building at an dangerous rate. Droughts Continental areas will dry out in summer. Floods Sea levels are currently rising at a rate of around 1 mm each year due the top layer expansion of the oceans as they heat up and the polar ice caps melts. The predicted increase in the sea level by 2050 is between 20 and 50mm. This will cause greater flooding in coastal and low lying areas. Carbon Emission A major feature One of the major greenhouse gases is the carbon dioxide gas (CO2). Trees grow and they absorb CO2 from the air. Forest clearance and the burning of wood (tropical rain forests) are adding the CO2 to the atmosphere. Deforestation is getting out of control. The loss of the forests implies that there are lesser trees to absorb CO2. Despite deforestation making a large contribution towards global warming, it causes lesser contribution than half the yearly total CO2 released, the remaining and major part comes from burning coal, fossil fuels and oils. The fossil fuels are consumed in cars, power stations and factories. Nearly half of the CO2 which is released by burning fossil fuels is absorbed back by the oceans. It is taken up by sea life or it is dragged to the ocean depths by the circulation of water. Recent studies have suggested that as the earth heats up, the oceans will become less efficient in absorbing Carbon di-oxide, leaving more of CO2 in the atmosphere and hence adding further to global warming. The following Pie Chart shows the various countries globally responsible for increasing shares of carbon dioxide emission. Source: news.mongabay.com Efforts to contain Global warming It is imperative to slow down the global warming as much as possible. This would in effect happen by using less fossil fuel, eliminating the uses CFCs altogether, and stopping irregular deforestation. This can be done through energy conservation, better use of public transport, more efficient cars, and energy efficiency by greater use of alternative sources of power which produces less CO2 than conventional sources and through renewable energy such as solar power. We have to stop deforestation of rain forests and start afforestation. A United Nations research panel has estimated that we should reduce global fuel use by 60% immediately so that we can stabilize the climate changes. Current commitments by some governments participating in CO2 reduction will lower global CO2 by just 4 6%. The developed industrialized nations produce most of the CO2, the developing nations of South America and Asia are increasing their CO2 release at a much greater rate, and by 2012 they will overtake the Western countries as the major producers of CO2. KYOTO PROTOCOL OVERVIEW Kyoto Protocol A response to curtail Global Warming The Kyoto Protocol acts as an amendment to the international treaty of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (â€Å"UNFCCC†). It pledges mandatory emission norms to the nations who have signed the protocol for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. It was established December 11, 1997 in Kyoto, Japan. Countries that ratify this protocol pledge to reduce their CO2 and five other greenhouse gases emissions, and/or engage in emissions trading if they increase emissions of these gases. The Kyoto Protocol now encompasses more than 160 countries around the globe and more than 60% of countries in terms of global greenhouse gas emissions. The Kyoto Protocol works upon a collective reduction of 5% compared to 1990 levels by 2008-2012. This treaty expires in 2012 and international talks have already begun in May 2007 to chalk out a new future treaty to succeed the current one. Source: IPCC Third Assessment Report. 2001 Climate Change : The Scientific Basis. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Green house gases have a disastrous effect on global warming with varying proportions. This intensity is measured by the global warming potential of the gas. The GWP of carbon dioxide is one. One tonne of HFC-23 gas, for example, has 11,700 times more green house effect as compared to CO2. CERs are awarded on the basis of global warming potential of the gas. CER to a gas = Tonnes of green house gas reduced X Global Warming Potential of the Gas Features of Kyoto Protocol As per the Kyoto Protocol, Governments have been divided into two broad categories: Developed countries (they have accepted GHG emission reduction obligations and they are mandated to submit an annual greenhouse gas inventory report) Developing countries (they have no GHG emission reduction obligations but they can participate in Clean Development Mechanism) As per the rules, Any Annex I country which fails to meet the Kyoto obligation would be penalized by been mandated to submit 1.3 times its emission allowances in the second commitment period for every ton of GHG emissions cap they exceed in their first commitment period. The objective of the protocol is the stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system.† It aims to Put a limit onclimate change and global warming Reduce arbitrary usage of fossil fuels and encourage development and use of renewable energy Encourage sustainable development Operation of Emission Trading System Mechanisms under Kyoto Protocol The Kyoto Protocol pioneered by defining three innovative and distinct â€Å"flexibility mechanisms† to reduce the overall costs of achieving the set emissions targets. These mechanisms enable countries and organizations to adopt cost-effective opportunities to reduce emissions and/or to remove carbon from the atmosphere. While the cost of putting a cap on emissions varies considerably from region to region, thebenefit for the atmosphere is the same, no matter where the action is taken. Joint Implementation (JI): The Kyoto Protocol provides clauses for developed countries to implement projects that reduce emissions, and/or remove carbon from the atmosphere as per the Emission Reduction Units (ERUs). These ERUs can be potentially used to meet the emission reduction targets. A JI project may involve, for example, replacing a coal-fired power plant with a more efficient combined heat and power plant. JI projects must have a prior approval of all the entities involved, and must lead to emissions reductions or removal that are additional to any that would have occurred without the project. International Emission Trading (IET): The Kyoto Protocol also provides that developed countries can get carbon units from other developing parties and use them for meeting their emissions target. This enables developed countries to use low cost opportunities to reduce emissions. Such countries must, consequently, be prepared to transfer units when they do not require them for compliance with their own emission targets.CER: Certified Emission Reduction Clean Development Mechanism (CDM): Developed countries can take up GHG reduction project activities in developing countries where the cost of greenhouse gas reduction project activities is lower. The developed country would get the credits for meeting its emission targets. The developing country would get the capital and technology to implement the project. This technique is called Clean Development Mechanism. CDM covers projects in countries without any set targets, i.e. developing countries. Credits would be issued only for reductions if a project provides real and long-term climate change benefits. The main advantages for countries hosting CDM or JI emission reduction projects are the transfer of technology, attraction of foreign investment, and the contribution to the countrys sustainable development. GLOBAL SCENARIO The international CDM market has entered a high phase, having grown steadily after the Kyoto Protocol came into effect. The emission reduction targets during the first commitment phase of 2008 -12 for Annex II countries, are 713 Million tone CO2 eq. The initial national communication submitted by Annex I countries indicates a total demand of 846 Million tonne CO2 eq. per year based on the individual country commitment and action to reduce emissions. The Past highlights of the International carbon market are: In 2006, market traded an estimated 1.6 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO2e) in all market segments compared to approximately 799 million tCO2e in 2005. Similarly, the financial value more than doubled from 2005 to 2006, with a total estimate of USD 22.5 billion for all market segments. In 2007, the market traded an estimated 2.6 billion tonnes of CO2e, at a total financial size of USD 23.6 billion. The projection for carbon market towards 2010 indicates With a high scenario, wherein the private sector predominates, the global carbon market can reach around USD 200 billion. With limited private sector participation and some speculations, it can be restricted to as low as USD 4.6 billion. It is estimated that the real market will be somewhere in between these two extremes with a forecasted carbon trade of USD 30 billion. INDIAN SCENARIO India is presently one of the world leaders in development of CDM projects. It is due to the Indian Designated National Authority that more than 297 project proposals with an emission reduction potential of over 297 million t CO2 have received the approval of the official host country. A wide range of project sizes and types in India help international buyers find the project of their choice or work upon a project portfolio to reduced risks. There is a huge evident potential for renewable energy generation from natural factors such as agriculture wastes, hydro and wind. Thermal electricity generation offers unlimited opportunities to improve energy efficiency. One example is the coal-fired power plants and the related transmission and distribution system. The chemical industry also allows reductions of industrial GHG which have large warming potentials The Carbon RUSH JSW Steel: The CDM has made environmental responsibility acceptable for India Industries. Recycle, reuse and reduce have become commercially viable as companies reprocess waste and heat, and cut down carbon emissions. Indias JSW Steel has been awarded about 5.4 million carbon credits, which includes 4 million carbon credits obtained from the single largest issuance of emissions permit by the U.N. to a Kyoto Protocol project. The 4 million credit issuance accounted for 6.5 % of the total 62 million CERs which were allocated by the UN. A total of around with 42 % of all issued credits have been assigned to ongoing projects in India. CERs were issued to two projects owned by JSW Steel for reducing greenhouse gas emissions between 2001 and 2006. Their CDM projects cut gases emitted through power generation from imported coal and waste gases from JSWs steel manufacturing operations. Current Problems with the Environment Integrity of CDM a practical perspective Unfortunately, despite pressure from the environmental community and other sectors, the CDM rules and the project design document still offer little guarantee of environmental integrity. The main weaknesses of CDM procedures in that regard include: The contribution to sustainable development including a transition away from ‘carbon dirty technologies and an emphasis on positive social and environmental impacts is often treated as an optional extra rather than a central project feature. Demand reform in CDM procedures so that there is transparency; accountability of different players (penalties on consultants and DOEs) Demand price negotiations have to be made public, otherwise will lead to corruption Demand simpler procedures (less convoluted methodologies for additionalityetc) so that meaningful projects can work Large public companies (GAIL, SAIL, IOCL, etc)are yet to take off with CDM business, due to lack of knowledge of CDM opportunities Potential in small and medium enterprises yet to be tapped Lack of transparency in CDM market Limited bilateral investment for project funding Governments role critical as a facilitator with different bilateral /multilateral organizations in organizing Carbon trade fairs or expos Number of Bilateral CDM projects need to be increased with more foreign investment for project funding Lack of awareness about CDM Tedious process High cost involved for documentation, validation and Monitoring Verification of emission reductions Inability of new promoters to bring in equity to be able to avail of financing As mentioned above, these problems stem in part from the weaknesses in the existing rules. At the same time, while it is possible that these flaws will be rectified by the CDM Executive Board in the near-future, the extreme pressure from investors to keep carbon prices at their lowest is forcing the project developers to cut corners. Business Implications The London financial marketplace has established itself as the center of the carbon finance market as a market for trading of the carbon emissions as per the Kyoto Protocol. This was estimated at $60 billion in 2007. The irony in the carbon trading endeavor could be noticed from the fact that it was the major multinational corporations who came together in the G8 Climate Change Roundtable, at the January 2005 World Economic Forum. This group was primarily a business group formed by 23 companies. Since, these corporations are the ones who have been chief proponents of ‘overconsumption, it seemed like a method by way of which they could clear their conscience of the damage that they were causing to the environment and planet earth. In June 2005 the Group published a statement stating that there was a need to act on climate change and the stress was on market-based solutions. The business in the UK and elsewhere have come out strongly in support of emissions trading as a key tool to limit the effects of climate change, and these efforts have been supported by Green NGOs. As per the Unites Nations Food and Agricultural Organisation FAO, approx 32 million acres of forests vanish each year, majority of them are in the tropics. The most important reason for forest clearing is the increasing need for agricultural land. The WWF has warned that if appropriate steps are not taken, more than 60 percent of the rain forests in the Amazon basin could disappear by 2030. Carbon trading was introduced by the Kyoto Protocol as a possible solution of the efforts to reduce GHG emissions to below 1990 levels by 2012. The mainstream idea was that the countries whose emissions are below the prescribed emissions could then sell those excess carbon credits to countries that do not meet their own caps. The caps are proposed to decrease over time and the price of carbon credits would rise due to scarcity. These signals towards a changing trend of carbon emission trading which would include a new global carbon emission based investment market, where companies and countries have incentives to invest in developing projects across the globe. All this is happening for the wrong reasons, as this is a method of obtaining the highly coveted carbon credits. This seems to be a sore point for those against carbon trading. As an example, Google has a market value of $200 billion, while all the worlds great forests are valued at nothing. The economic argument says that it makes it financially more appealing to countries not to allow their forests to be cut down. Moral tradeoff Some critiques of Carbon Emission Trading believe that there is a huge moral trade off in place. A study on child care centres in Israel showed that imposing monetary fines on late coming parents did not teach them a lesson in punctuality; in fact, this created an economic trade off as now the parents could voluntarily come late and get away by paying fines. Drawing an analogy from it, the carbon credit trading is on similar lines except that one firm can be willing to pay for extra emissions by compensating the other firm which reduces its carbon emissions. This increases a scarcity and hence the price of carbon pollution. Can the interests of both the rich the poor be served? The major concern about the entire carbon credit trading evolution is the belief that the carbon emission trading really serves rich nations only; the main stream issue being that carbon trading could put the vital resources of the developing world in the hands of developed nations who can then use carbon credits as a way to counter the reductions of their own GHG emissions at the same time. The World Bank recently launched the Forest Carbon Partnership Facility (FCPF), a fund which is financed by the leading countries such as UK, Germany, the Netherlands, France, Switzerland, Denmark and Finland. The $160 million fund would be used to support programs targeting the drivers of deforestation and develop concrete activities to reach out to poor people who depend on forests to improve their livelihoods. It will also help developing countries build the technical, regulatory, and sustainable forestry capacity to reduce emissions from deforestation and degradation. There has always been confusion over the exact role that the World Bank is trying to play in carbon trading market. The World Bank claims to be aiming at reducing global deforestation by 10 percent by 2010. But its critics claim the World Bank has traditionally been an exponent of deforestation. There has also been concern over the consequences of carbon trading scheme on local forest communities that earn their daily living from the forests. Substantiating with an example -In the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) the World Bank is facing opposition from Pygmy groups and local communities which rely on the Congo basin for their living. There have been reports that accuse the Bank of encouraging commercial logging practices while ignoring sustainable forestry and conservation. The report also claims that the financial benefits of logging have gone to foreign firms, not the local ones. This makes one wonder what the real intentions of the World Bank are. The Million Dollar Question!!! EMISSIONS TRADING COMMODIFIES Carbon. Does this Really Help Solve Climate Change problem? Exponents of carbon trading see markets as the best mechanism for reducing emissions. The critics, on the other hand, believe that carbon trading is a devils bargain that navigates the profits to polluters. You cant solve problems just by using money, the old saying goes. Capitalists have a monetary solution to problems and they believe that the markets are the solutions to everything. They reverse this equation by turning problems from money-hoarding pits to money-makers. Essentially, they try to seek the profit motive to ‘cure societys woes by transforming problems into commodities. This is the set strategy behind the emerging carbon trading markets. The Solution as per the Carbon Trading Proponents By trading the capped carbon emission rights, the rights become scarcer and hence more valuable. Cap-and-trade markets help solve climate change by lowering carbon emissions while generating wealth for the developing nations! If only it were so simple!!! The first contentious question is about how to distribute carbon emission rights: auction or allocation. In 2006, the experiment with carbon credit pricing came to a collapse when it became known that the EU was, either naively or corruptly, handing out too many emission rights to companies based on their estimates. Obviously, their emissions came out to be much lower which gave them a right to trade the left over unconsumed carbon credits. There seemed no real intention of reducing the carbon emissions. â€Å"The dirtier you are, the bigger your entitlement . . . the polluter was paid.† British journalist George Monbiot. The second problem with carbon trading is about mandatory versus voluntary markets. The US, the largest carbon emitter in the world has not signed onto the Kyoto Protocol. To fill this regulatory gap, voluntary carbon markets such as the Chicago Climate Exchange have sprouted up. With proper market design which implies no price cap and a financial penalty for non-compliance -carbon trading forces the movement to cleaner technology and consequent emissions reductions. Carbon trading critics charge and claim that the financial benefits overshadow environmental concerns. With the carbon price suppressed and lowered, polluters energy providers, utilities, oil companies etc have little incentive to curb the rising GHG emissions, thus making the current system undermine the environment and the planet. Also, critics see it as an extension of colonialist exploitation. The third problem relates to the monetary and economic aspect. In reality cap and trade carbon markets have done little to reduce emissions and are plagued by corruption and inefficiency. The worlds carbon trading markets are becoming increasingly complex and this threatens another sub-prime style financial crisis that could again destabilise the global economy. There is also a distinct smell of middlemen involvement. The majority of the trade is carried out not between polluting industries and factories covered by carbon trading schemes, but by banks and investors who profit from speculation on the carbon markets packaging carbon credits into increasingly complex financial products. Conclusion A rational reasoning Even as they gain popularity as a carbon mitigating solution, carbon offsets have often been dubbed under considerable criticism for diluting collective action against global warming. The truth, however, exists in between. Proponents exist on both sides of the debate. We all participate in the consumption of fossil-fuel energy. These emit large amounts of climate-changing CO2 and other GHG gases. The terms carbon offset and carbon neutral have been used as a misnomer it is actually the idea of erasing the negative impact of our daily carbon emissions which drives the carbon offset market and its related controversy. A rational reasoning says that â€Å"You cannot make up for the use of carbon buying the power of money to leverage yourself into a position of freedom from responsibility for emitting it once the damage is done, its done. Ultimately what it all boils down to is the question of choosing from the rich display of effective opportunities that can be adopted if necessary actions are taken while ignoring, at the same time, the capitalistic monetary solutions like offsets.

Junot Diaz Bio Essay

Lent DDS was born In the Dominican Republic and raised New Jersey. He Is a creative writing teacher at MIT and fiction editor at the Boston Review. He also serves on the board of advisers for the Freedom university, a Volunteer organization in Georgia that provides post-secondary instruction to undocumented immigrants. From what I have read I have gathered that he really had to rely on himself. Getting him through college working the Jobs where you have to do the dirty work, dishes, and pumping-gas. Supposedly Drown reflects Diaz’s strained relationship with his own father, with whom he no longer keeps in contact with. Diaz was born in Villa Juana, a neighborhood in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. He was the third child in a family of five. Through most of his childhood he lived with his mother and grandparents while his father worked in the united States. Diaz emigrated to Parlin, New Jersey, in December of 1974, where he was able to reunite with his father. He lived close to what he considered one of the largest landfills in New Jersey. His short fiction has appeared In The New Yorker magazine, which listed him as one of the 20 top writers for the 21st He has also been published in Story, The Paris Review, and in the anthologies The Best American Short Stories four times (1996, 1997, 1999, 2000), The PEWO. Henry prize stones (2009), and African voices. He s best known for his two major works: the short story collection Drown (1996) and the novel The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao (2007). 80th were published to critical acclaim and he won the 2008 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction for the latter. Diaz himself has described his writing style as a disobedient child of New Jersey and the Dominican Republic If that can be possibly Imagined with way too much Diaz has received a Eugene McDermott Award, a fellowship from the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation, a Lila Acheson Wallace Readers Digest Award, the 2002 PEN/Malamud Award, the 2003 us-Japan Creative Artist Fellowship from the National Endowment for the Arts, a fellowship at the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard university and the Rome Prize from the American Academy of Arts and Letters. He was selected as one of the 39 most important Latin American writers under the age of 39 by the Bogota World Book Capital and the Hay Festival. [18] In September 2007, Miramax acquired the rights for a film adaptation of The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao. [19] The stories in Drown ocus on the teenage narrator’s impoverished, fatherless youth in the Dominican Republic and his struggle adapting to his new life in New Jersey. Reviews were generally strong but not without complaints. 20] Diaz read twice for PRI’s This American Life

Discussing Foot Reflexology Among Elderly Health And Social Care Essay

This chapter deals with the treatment of the informations analyzed based on the aim and hypothesis of the survey. The job stated is â€Å" An experimental survey to measure the effectivity of foot reflexology among aged people † . The treatment was based on the aims of the survey and the hypothesis specified in the survey. With regard of demographic features of the sample in of experimental group, the bulk 10 ( 33.33 % ) of aged people belong to the age group of 66-70yrs and 17 ( 56.67 % ) of the aged people were male,8 ( 26.67 % ) of them were illiterate, 11 ( 36.67 % ) of them were from Christians faith, 9 ( 30 % ) of them were divorced,12 ( 40 % ) of them were sedentary workers, 9 ( 30 % ) of them are gaining less than 1000 rupees and 3000-5000 rupees per month. There by 12 ( 40 % ) were populating in the urban country. With respect of demographic features of the sample in control group, the bulk 9 ( 30 % ) of the aged people were from the age of 71-75yrs, 16 ( 53.33 % ) of the aged people were male 11 ( 36.66 % ) of them were completed their, primary instruction. 11 ( 36.67 % ) of them were from Hindu religion,12 ( 40 % ) of them were married,13 ( 43.33 % ) of them were heavy workers, 9 ( 30 % ) of them are gaining less than 1000 rupees per month and 14 ( 46.67 % ) were populating in the semi urban country.The first aim was to measure and compare the pre and station trial degree of psychological well being among experimental group.The analysis of pre intercession degree of psychological well being of experimental group revealed that the bulk 15 ( 50 % ) were non good. The analysis of station intercession degree of psychological well being of experimental group revealed that the bulk 20 ( 66.66 % ) of them sing moderate degree of psychological well being. The experimental group showed a average value of 3.4 with standard divergence of 0.66 in pre assessment degree and a mean of 1.83 with standard divergence of 0.67 in station appraisal degree. The deliberate ‘t ‘ value was 13.7 which showed a important difference between the pre and station trial degree of psychological well being among experimental group of aged at P & lt ; 0.05 degree. Hence the research hypothesis stated H1 denotes that †there is a important difference in pre and station trial degree of psychological well being among aged people of experimental group † was retained at P & lt ; 0.05 degree. Kim, Hyang & A ; Hye Gyung ( 2002 ) assessed the effects of pes Reflex Therapy on Health Status of Institutionalized seniors utilizing a quasi-experimental design. Pre and post-experiment steps were compared. Institutional seniors were selected as the experimental group and 15 as the control group. Foot automatic therapy was performed to the pess of seniors in the experimental group for 30 proceedingss twice a hebdomad for a month a sum of 8 times. The effects of pes reflexology on physical wellness such as systolic/diastolic force per unit area, pulse rate, respiration rate, musculus endurance, legerity, and psychological wellness such as perceptual experience of wellness position, perceptual experience of hurting, sleep form and religious wellness such as quality of life of institutionalised seniors were evaluated. The informations were analyzed utilizing SPSS + Personal computer 10.1for window with frequences, agencies and standard divergences, Chi-square trial and t-test. The sur vey provided support that pes automatic therapy for seniors promotes positive physiological responses, psychological wellness and quality of life. From this consequence it can be concluded that pes automatic therapy is effectual as a intercession for wellness publicity in seniors.The 2nd aim was to measure and compare the pre and station trial degree of psychological well being of the aged people among control group.The analysis of pre intercession degree of psychological well being revealed that the bulk of aged people in control group holding 15 ( 50 % ) were mildly good. The analysis of station intercession degree of psychological well being revealed that the bulk of 16 ( 53.33 % ) of the aged people in control group were mildly good. The control group showed a average value 3.23 with a standard divergence of 0.67 in pre assessment degree and a average value of 3.46 with a standard divergence of 0.66 in station appraisal degree. The calculated't ‘ value was 0.92 which showed that there is no important difference in the pre and station assessment degree of psychological well being in control group. Hence the research hypothesis stated H2 denotes that there is a important difference between the pre trial and station trial degree of psychological wellbeing among aged in control group was rejected at P & lt ; 0.05 degree.The 3rd aim was to compare the pre trial degree of psychological well being between experimental and control group of aged people.The experimental group showed a average value of 3.4 with standard divergence of 0.66 in pre assessment degree and the control group showed a average value 3.23 with a standard divergence of 0.67 in pre assessment degree. The deliberate ‘t ‘ value was 0.67 which showed that there was a no important difference between the pre and station trial degree of psychological well being of the experimental and control group at P & lt ; 0.05 degree. Hence the research hypothesis stated earlier that H3 denotes â€Å" there is a important difference between pre trial degree of psychological well being among experimental and control group of aged people was rejected at P & lt ; 0.05 † degree.The 4th aim was to compare the station trial degree of psychological well being between experimental and control group of aged people.The experimental group showed a mean of 1.83 with standard divergence of 0.67 in station appraisal degree and the control group showed a average value of 3.46 with a standard divergence of 0.66 in station appraisal degree. The calculated't ‘ value was 7.98 which showed a important difference on the station trial degree of psychological well being between experimental and control group. This revealed that the degree of psychological well being in station trial degree in experimental group is enhanced than the control group. Hence the research hypothesis stated earlier that H4 denotes â€Å" there is a important difference between station trial degrees of psychological well being among experimental and control group of aged people was retained at P & lt ; 0.05 degree. Williamson, White, Hart & A ; Ernst ( 2004 ) did a randomized controlled test of reflexology for menopausal symptoms for Seventy-six adult females, aged between 45 and 60 old ages by utilizing the Women ‘s Health Questionnaire ( WHQ ) , the primary steps being the bomber scores for anxiousness and depression. Severity ( ocular parallel graduated table, VAS ) and frequence of flowers and dark workout suits Women were randomized to have nine Sessionss of either reflexology or nonspecific pes massage ( control ) by four qualified reflexologists. Mean ( SD ) scores for anxiousness fell from 0.43 ( 0.29 ) to 0.22 ( 0.25 ) in the reflexology group and from 0.37 ( 0.27 ) to 0.27 ( 0.29 ) in the control group over the class of intervention. Mean ( SD ) scores for depression fell from 0.37 ( 0.25 ) to 0.20 ( 0.24 ) in the reflexology group and from 0.36 ( 0.23 ) to 0.20 ( 0.21 ) in the control ( foot massage ) group over the same period. For both tonss there was strong grounds of a clip consequence ( P & lt ; 0.001 ) but no grounds of a time-group interaction ( P & gt ; 0.2 ) .The research worker concluded that pes reflexology was effectual in cut downing the menopausal symptoms like depression and anxiousness.The 5th aim was to tie in the pre trial degree of psychological well being among experimental group and control group of aged people with selected demographic variables:Association of pre assessment degree of psychological well being with demographic variables done utilizing chi-square trial. Data findings revealed that there was statistically important association in the pre trial degrees of psychological well being in experimental group merely with their age, educational position and faith. And besides the informations findings revealed that there was important association in the pre trial degrees of psychological well being of the control group merely with their age. Hence the research hypothesis H5 stated denotes that â€Å" there is a important association of pre trial degree of psychological wellbeing among experimental group and control group of elderly selected demographic variables was partly retained at P & lt ; 0.05 degree.The 6th aim was to tie in the station trial degree of psychological well being among experimental group and control group of aged people with selected demographic variables:Association of station assessment degree of psychological well being with demographic variables done utilizing chi-square trial. Data findings revealed that there was a important association in the station trial degrees of psychological well being of the experimental group with their matrimonial position. And besides the informations findings revealed that there was no statistically important association of station assessment degree of psychological well being in control group with their selected demographic variables. Hence the research hypothesis H6 stated denotes â€Å" there is a important association of station trial degree of psychological wellbeing among experimental group and control group of elderly selected demographic variables at was denied P & lt ; 0.05 degree.

Fice Of Management And Budget - 1366 Words

OMB A-133 OMB Circular A-133 is a huge intensive United States federal government guide which is created by the Office of Management and Budget. It establishes requirements for audits of States, local governments, and Indian tribal governments which manage Federal financial assistance programs and Federal grant programs. In 1985, OMB Circular A-128, â€Å"Audits of States and Local Governments† was issued by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB). Then, in 1990, OMB Circular A-133, â€Å"Audits of Institutions Of Higher Education and Other Non-Profit Organizations†, was issued to extend the process of the single audit to nonprofit organizations. In 1996, the Single Audit Act Amendments was signed by the president, which issued the†¦show more content†¦These compliance requirements as a Supplement, provides large amounts of information for auditors to know about the Federal program’s objectives, procedures, and compliance requirements relevant to audit objectives and audit procedures. Without the Supplement, it will ask auditors to spend a lot of time on researching laws and regulations for the audit requirements of each program that are essential to Federal Government’s regulations and have significant effects on the programs. Thus, using the Supplement of OMB Circular A-133 is a convenient and efficient way for auditors to perform audits on these programs. OMB Circular A-133 states that Federal agencies should annually inform any update of the Supplement to OMB. To inform the update, the Federal agencies must provide OMB with the current information of program objectives, procedures, compliance requirements and noncompliance requirements which are essential and necessary to the Federal programs. On the other hand, auditors should be aware of the periodical changes in the laws and regulations which might happen between the changes and revisions to the Supplement of OMB A-133. Furthermore, auditors should know that provisions of contracts and grant agreements which make changes in small details that may not be recorded as laws or regulations, soShow MoreRelatedFice Of Management And Budget Essay728 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"The Office of Management and Budget† is overhauling Appendix III Security of Federal Automated Information Systems of Circular No. A-130 Administration of â€Å"Federal Information Resources†. This is the third phase of arranged corrections to â€Å"Circular A-130†. â€Å"Institution of the Information Technology Management† Reform â€Å"Act of 1996† will oblige OMB to issue extra direction on capital arranging, venture control and the administration of data innovation. 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