Academy of Management

Academy of Management Academy of Management The academy of management is the most significant and the largest professional association in the world whose main goal is facilitating and equipping scholars with information about management and organization. It was established in November 1936 by Professor Chares L. Jamison and William N. Mitchell of the University of Michigan and the University Chicago respectively thus making it the oldest management association worldwide. It is located on the Briarcliff manor campus of New York University (AOM, 2003).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Academy of Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Academy of management was established on the basis of advancing the philosophy of management. As the organization continued developing, its original founding members saw the rising need for scholarly research in management. This resulted to making the academy wholly academic. Today, the Academy of manag ement hosts 18, 518 members from 104 different countries as compared to its ten members during it formation. The academy’s efforts to involve members form various countries is based on its efforts to share management information as well as giving people from different communities a chance to participate in the organizations. Among its affiliates are Asia, Iberoamerica and five management academies of the USA which include â€Å"the Eastern, Midwest, Southwest, the Western Academy of management as well as the Southern management association† (AOM, 2003, p. 1). The operations management division of the Academy of management deals with change management in the process of producing goods and services regardless of whether it’s a profit or a non-profit making organization. The major topics in management include â€Å"operations strategy, products and service development, supply chain management, project management, quality management and issues facing operations suc h as international, human resources, environmental and IT† (AOM, 2003, p. 1). Some of the sponsors that took place in this program in 2009 include â€Å"Platinum, Project Management Institute, BGSU college of Business Administration, University of Manchester-Manchester Business School, Kelly School of Business, Gold, College of Business-University of Illinois, Stanford University, Portland University, Wake Forest University† (AOM, 2003, p. 1) among others. Operations Strategy The topic of operations strategy in management deals with the strategic decisions that chief executive officer in the operations department of a company come up with. It links the strategic decisions and the products or the results of these decisions (Waters Waters, 1999). Operations strategy differs from the corporate and Business strategy in that while the latter describes general strategies the former finds means to accomplish the general strategies. The operations strategy tries to relate the company’s strengths with consumer’s tastes and preferences. Some of the details that this strategy considers before coming up with a product include the kind of products to manufacture, the range of these products, the processes employed, technology, means of producing and maintaining quality goods, the areas of establishing their business and capacity to produce as well as means of enjoying the economies of scale (Waters Waters, 1999). Products and Service Development The topic of products and service development involves the means which can be employed to ensure quality work in a company. The wave that is employed in this scenario is called the Design For Six Sigma which is built upon two principles or goals. The first goal is â€Å"Do the right things† while the second goal is â€Å"Do the right things all the time† (Yang El-Haik, 1999).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper wi th 15% OFF Learn More The first goal means that when designing the manufacturing a product or a service, it is important to do it excellently. Doing the right things ensures that product gives the consumer great excitement since it fits his desires, delivers the product in the most economical, efficient and flexible way and it gives room for competitive advantage. The second goal ensures consistence in the results of the first goal and does not give room for compromising. Supply Chain Management Supply chain refers to a relationship created among various companies by interconnections in terms of services, information; finances among others form a source to a customer. Therefore supply chain management involves coordination of various businesses involved in the supply chain in order to ensure a long term existence of a company as well as the supply chain (Mentzer, 2001). Some of the areas covered in the topic of supply chain management include its application in the g lobal environment, how it can affect customer’s value, satisfaction, behavior and differential advantage, roles of marketing in supply chain management among others. Project Management In Academy of Management conferences in 2007, several workshops and papers were basically geared towards project management. This was one of the best management conferences whereby the quality of the conference was quite good. Among the issues discussed concerning project management included: teaching project management with people in mind, debating a research agenda on the management of large engineering projects, how to study project management while involving diverse research methods and specific phenomena in studying project, as well as the relationship between project management and firm success. (Yaghootkar, 2007. P.1) The conference put emphasis on giving the students projects that were applicable in the real life situation as well as in the Job market. Quality Management This is another major topic in management according to the Academy of management. The four main components of quality management include â€Å"quality planning, quality control, quality assurance, and quality improvement† (AOM, 2003, p. 1).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Academy of Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The quality standards of the ISO 9000:2000 and ISO 9000:2008 which were derived from the experts who took part in the ISO certification among which were the Academy of management included â€Å"customer focus, leadership, involving people, system approach to management, consistent improvement, factual approach to decision making, and mutually beneficial supplier relationship† (ISO, 2011, p.1). Issues facing Operations Another major topic in management is the topic covering issues facing operations in management. Some of the major issues discussed in details in this area include international, hu man resources, environmental and IT issues facing business bodies which the Academy of management have identified through continued scholarly research and real life experiences. These issues have been triggered by globalization which has reduced the world to a cyber space as well as extending the work of operations in management since businesses and organizations are no longer limited to geographical boundaries. Conclusion Since its formation in 1936, the Academy has contributed a lot and impacted so many people who have interest in the field of management. The Academy has been developing with time while giving academic scholars greater room for research in order to come up with scholarly materials. The above discussed major topics in the field of management have equipped managers with the required information in their line of profession. This has prevented frustrations in the field of management since such knowledge brings about excellence in organization management. Managers and s cholars in management should acquire membership to the academy of management to continue equipping themselves with quality ideas in this field. References AOM. (2003). Dedicated to Advancing the Scholarship and Advancement of Management. AOM Online. Retrieved from http://aom.org/ ISO. (2011). Quality Management Principles. ISO Organization. Web. Mentzer, J. (2001). Supply Chain Management. California: Sage.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Waters, C Waters, D. (1999). Operations Management. London, UK: Kogan Page. Yaghootkar, K. (2007). Project Management Session in AOM Conference. Project Management Review. Retrieved from http://project-management-review.blogspot.com/2007/06/project-management-sessions-in-aom.html Yang, K El-Haik, B. (1999). Design for Six Sigma: A Road Map to Product Development. New York, NY: McGraw Hill Professionals.

World War 1 Battles

World War 1 Battles The battles of the World War I were fought across the globe from the fields of Flanders and France to the Russian plains and deserts of the Middle East. Beginning in 1914, these battles devastated the landscape and elevated to prominence places that had previously been unknown. As a result, names such as Gallipoli, the Somme, Verdun, and Meuse-Argonne became eternally entwined with images of sacrifice, bloodshed, and heroism. Due to the static nature of World War I trench warfare, fighting took place on a routine basis and soldiers were rarely safe from the threat of death. The battles of the World War I War are largely divided into the Western, Eastern, Middle Eastern, and colonial fronts with the bulk of the fighting taking place in the first two. During World War I, over 9 million men were killed and 21 million wounded in battle as each side fought for their chosen cause. Battles of World War I by Year 1914 August 7-September 13: Battle of the Frontiers - Western FrontAugust 14-25: Battle of Lorraine - Western FrontAugust 21-23: Battle of Charleroi - Western FrontAugust 23: Battle of Mons - Western FrontAugust 23-31: Battle of Tannenberg - Eastern FrontAugust 28: Battle of Heligoland Bight - At SeaSeptember 6-12: First Battle of the Marne - Western FrontOctober 19-November 22:Â  First Battle of Ypres - Western FrontNovember 1: Battle of Coronel - At SeaNovember 9: Battle of Cocos - At SeaDecember 8: Battle of the Falklands - At SeaDecember 16: Raid on Scarborough, Hartlepool, Whitby - At SeaDecember 24-25: The Christmas Truce - Western Front 1915 January 24: Battle of Dogger Bank - At SeaFebruary 19-January 9, 1916: Gallipoli Campaign - Middle EastApril 22-May 25: Second Battle of Ypres - Western FrontMay 7: Sinking of the Lusitania - At SeaSeptember 25-October 14: Battle of Loos - Western Front 1916 February 21-December 18: Battle of Verdun - Western FrontMay 31-June 1: Battle of Jutland - At SeaJuly 1-November 18: Battle of the Somme - Western FrontAugust 3-5: Battle of Romani - Middle EastDecember 23: Battle of Magdhaba - Middle East 1917 January 9: Battle of Rafa - Middle EastJanuary 16: Zimmermann Telegram - Western FrontMarch 26: First Battle of Gaza - Middle EastApril 9-May 16: Battle of Arras - Western FrontJune 7-14: Battle of Messines - Western FrontJuly 31-November 6: Battle of Passchendaele (Third Ypres) - Western FrontOctober 24-November 19: Battle of Caporetto - Italian FrontOctober 31-November 7: Third Battle of Gaza - Middle EastNovember 20-December 6: Battle of Cambrai - Western Front 1918 March 21-April 5: Spring Offensives - Operation Michael - Western FrontJune 1-June 26: Battle of Belleau Wood - Western FrontJuly 15-August 6: Second Battle of the Marne - Western FrontAugust 8-11: Battle of Amiens - Western FrontSeptember 19-October 1: Battle of Megiddo - Middle EastSeptember 26-November 11: Meuse-Argonne Offensive - Western Front

TV Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

TV - Essay Example Notably, Simba goes to exile as Scar succeeds the king. Nevertheless, after maturing, the young lion returns to the Pride Lands to challenge his evil uncle to end his rule (Allers Film). The Lion King has received a lot of praise subject to its plot, music, and animation. Indeed, the Lion King is a captivating and entertaining animated film. The Disney film shows how the young lion suffered under the jealous and evil Scar who killed his brother, Mufasa to inherit to take over power in Pride Lands (Allers Film). The film shows Scar as a devil with dark brown-red fur and green eyes. His cunning and charismatic enabled him to gain immense support from his enemies to conquer the young lion. However, despite Scar’s craving for power, the film depicts Scar as a coward and Simba as a brave person (Allers Film). Indeed, the film presents Simba as a young lion hero seeking to find his identity in nature and follow his father’s

Role of Philosophy in Ancient Greece Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Role of Philosophy in Ancient Greece - Essay Example Although Greece prospered as a superpower, its iron-fisted rule caused frustration and discontentment. The teachings and admonition of Homer, Hesiod, and other philosophers, thinkers, and other men of renown had an impact although they were neither taken seriously nor officially acknowledged. It would be incorrect to say that they were totally and exclusively rejected. However, at best, the ruling class’ opinion was divided. Thus, a conscientious section among learned men of the times deemed it necessary to invoke the gods, goddesses, the consequences of evil, and the trysts and involvement of the divine beings with the lives and affairs of men. They exhorted the people in the name of their god, Zeus, and other gods including the deathless gods, that these great divine beings hated violence and injustice. Ancient inscriptions, texts and another archaeological evidence point to the greatness of the empire, its height of power, corruption, and decline, and ultimate albeit temporary demise in the times of Hesiod. The empire was to resurrect a few centuries later. The political, economic, social and administrative structure of the great monolith was so powerful and wielded such influence that there was no way it could not find its way back. Those who recorded the decrees and events and the architects and sculptors who designed city and town structures conformed to the best information and technology available at that time. They did so under duress. However, the system was near perfect and all-pervasive to the extent it left no stone unturned in ensuring a feasible, time and motion-based planning and execution. The execution of administration itself was ruthless enough to quell insubordination. Obviously, the Greek rulers had in place some form of reward and punishment system in place to spur performance and forbid failure.

Haptic Technology - Feeling the Future Essay Example for Free

Haptic Technology Feeling the Future Essay What is haptic technology? It’s the technology relating to or based on the sense of touch. We see it every day with our touch screen phones. It is needed to interact with your phone, computer, keyboard, mouse, car, gaming system and more! It can also be used in medicine, robotics, art, design, electronics, toys, and more! Where is the technology feeling to go? What is haptic feedback? What is haptic feedback? Haptic feedback the shake of your gaming console’s remote, the vibration of your phone, clicking of the keyboard and mouse. the interaction of touch and response (Figure 1). How does this correlate with human memory?   Memory has several categories. There is long-term memory, short-term and sensory memory. Each one plays an important part of overall memory. â€Å"They all cooperate in the process of memorization, and can be seen as three necessary steps in forming a lasting memory† (Mastin, 2012). Haptic technology uses sensory memory. What is sensory memory?   According to Mastin, sensory memory is the shortest-term element of memory. â€Å"It is the ability to retain impressions of sensory information after the original stimuli have ended. It acts as a kind of buffer for stimuli received through the five senses of sight, hearing, smell, taste and touch† (Mastin, 2012). Touch is the key word in haptic technology. How will this technology change the way we interact with computer? The interactions of computer and humans are known as human-computer-interface (HCI). Human-computer-interface (HCI) developers and engineers goals are to improve the user’s overall experience. This can be accomplished by creating a lasting memory for the end user and a good feeling of using the technology known as haptic technology. What is HCI? HCI is the study on how to better improve the interaction between human and computers. For example Human Machine Symbiosis Laboratory Department of Biomedical Informatics Arizona State University conducted a study on the Psychology of Haptics, Haptic User Interfaces and Human Motion Analysis. Their main goal for the haptic user interface study is to design effective and efficient interfaces; in psychology of haptics study they focused on the role of haptic modality in formation and retention of memory and categorization; and in the human motion study they concentrated on gesture analysis. Human computer interaction (HCI) has emerged as a focal area of both computer science research and development, and of applied social, behavioral and psychological research† (Kahol, 2010). The research team in Arizona State University focused on memory and categorization controlled experiments using mechanisms of haptic memory and categorization. They also explored whether individuals who were blind and sighted can abstract a haptic prototype from a study set; the nature of haptic space through multidimensional scaling; and haptics in early detection of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The Arizona State University research team are concerned with design, development and testing of tactile and force feedback devices and its associated software(s). â€Å"These devices have widespread applications such as surgical simulations, medical and procedural training, scientific visualizations, assistive and rehabilitative devices for individuals who have physical or neurological disorders and assistive devices for individuals who are blind† (Kathol, 2010). The human motion research field is guided towards understanding human motion through gesture analysis. The research team from Arizona State University has developed novel gesture segmentation and gesture recognition tools for understanding and modeling human motion. They plan to develop scalable gesture segmentation and gesture recognition tools. They plan to apply the models to generic human motion as well as specialized human motion as in dance and in various scenarios such as surveillance, human computer interfaces and 3D Dance motion. Once these devices are implemented, they must remain consistent. Why you ask? Image a medical procedural being done on you. The doctor is located in different part of the world and is using new technology which allows him to operate remotely, but wait. The controls he is using are not consistent with the standard controls accepted in the USA. Will you risk your life on this doctors questionable HCI? I know I wouldn’t. Designing the right HCI is key to any successful implementation of new technology. What are some design factors to consider in the implementation of HCI and where does the future of HCI feel to go? Figure 2 User-Centric Design (SAP, 2013) One possible design process we can use is UCD. What is is UCD? User-centered design (UCD) is a design methodology and process that focuses on the needs of end users, limitations of end users, preferences of end users, and business objectives (USABILITY, 2013). The UCD has several components: plan, research, design, adapt, and measure (Figure 2). â€Å"Plan – In the Plan phase, the team determines all of the UCD activities and ensures that the necessary resources are available. Research – Before you can design a product, it is imperative that you have a clear understanding of the users goals and tasks, the market needs, and related work. Design – In the design phase, you define your system from the users perspective. Initially, this phase takes the form of use cases and an object action model, which describes the tasks that the system will support. From these tasks you create UI designs, beginning with rough sketches and ending with detailed UI design specifications. Adapt – The adapt phase acknowledges that even the best conceived designs often need to be adapted when development begins coding. This adaptation can occur as a result of unforeseen limitations in the target technology, new requirements, or missing functionality in the initial design. Measure – When the product is released, it is possible to measure its usability quantitatively. These tests measure a products effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction† (SAP, 2013) HCI FUTURE Microsoft researchers wrote Being Human Human Computer Interaction in the Year 2020. In the paper they state: â€Å"HCI needs to extend its methods and approaches so as to focus more clearly on human values. This will require a more sensitive view about the role, function and consequences of design, just as it will force HCI to be more inventive. HCI will need to form new partnerships with other disciplines, too, and for this to happen HCI practitioners will need to be sympathetic to the tools and techniques of other trades. Finally, HCI will need to re-examine and reflect on its basic terms and concepts. Outdated notions of the ‘user’, the ‘computer’ and ‘interaction’ are hardly sufficient to encompass all that HCI will need to attend to† (Microsoft, 2008).

Interview With A Marine :: essays research papers

The Few the Proud and the The Brave. Timothy Durham A corpral in the United States Marine Corps Considers himself to be a example of what the Marines exemplify. "I am a Marine to the heart 100%." Timothy joined the Marines at the age of twenty three, in search of a better lie for both himself and his daughter. He felt like the Marines would be the best route to not only developing him into manhood but also providing him with the best "possible benefits". "I wanted To be a better person and open up doors of oppurtunity for myself. I wanted to provide for my family, buy a house and be able to live comfortably.What better way then to serve my country." During his four years in the Marines Timothy has traveled throught the United States and around the world to Japan, Australia, Korea, Panama and the Phillapines. In Addition He has recieved numerous certificates of commendation for going above and beyond. Because of being such an outstanding Timothy and 13 others from his squad were invited to preform in the Australian bicentenial parade to preform military drills. But despite his accomplishments What does it mean to be a Marine? "Discipline, heart, Attention to detail and pride"are all qualities that Timothy feelsare nessacary to being a Marine.The Marines are the toughest branch of the military. They break you down and build you back up. It requires strength, endurance, and determination. Everyone is not tmade for the Marines because it is both a physical and mental challenge. You have to be able to take instruction and follow them apprioatley. You have to me Marine quality." A day as a Marine is very extensive. A Marines day begins at 4:30 am. Physical Training starts at 5:00 am and last for an hour. Immedialy following is morning formation a brief explanation of the days activity as well as morning attendance. Wheter on the field or in the classroom military training begins at 7:00 am. This a basic insturction class which last 5hrs and teaches skills for combat. Lunch last about 40 mins and is followed by another shower. Then comes field training a basic overview of the skills learned in the classroom. Next, is weapons cleaning. Company formation begins at 4:00 pm. This is a marching drill exercise that teaches marching skills. The Squads day comes to a close after dinner with liberty or free time.

Kudler Fine Foods Frequent Buyer Program Essay

The intent behind the development of Kudler Fine Foods Frequent Buyer Program is to increase the level of customer loyalty. The system will be broken down into two different levels; the frequency of a buyers shopping with Kudler Fine Foods and the amount of money that the buyer spends with each purchase. A program like this is typically used as a marketing strategy that is â€Å"enabled by point-of-sale technology to record and store customer purchases in exchange for rewards’ (Appel, p. 156, 2006). A web-based shopping program will be used to enhance the Frequent Buyer Program for Kudler Fine Foods. This will be achieved by applying web-based advertising. A projection of frequent buyers growth is expected on the initial employment of the frequent buyer program. It is the estimate of the Sales and Marketing Department that there will be a 5% growth within the first 12 months of this program. The department has also conducted an analysis considering what legal courses of actions, if any, Kudler Fine Foods will need to take to ensure the success of this program. Legal Considerations A study of the consumer trends in this area will have to be conducted. The will enable the Sales and Marketing Department to allow for a smooth and functional program and give them an idea on how to better market the product. â€Å"Market research and demographics data can be used to better target products and produce better or customized products; such data are becoming increasingly valuable: (national Research Council, p. 156, 1994). Some of the legal issues that will be taken in to consideration are costumer privacy as this will have an increased attention in response to the initial data that we will be requesting. It is important that Kudler Fine Foods incorporate some sort of privacy statement into the initial request form stating that the information will not be shared with anyone outside of Kudler Fine Foods, and state the basic reason of why Kudler Fine Foods is requesting such data. Employees of Kudler Fine Foods will need to be trained on the proper handling of such data and what ramifications can happen in the event that costumer information is released without the expressed consent of the costumer. Ethical Considerations The intent of the Frequent Buyers Programs with Kudler Fine Foods is to be one of electronic commerce application. An e-commerce program can provide Kudler Fine Foods another level of costumer shopping and potentially receiving new customers for Kudler’s. As the program grows so will be profit margins of the company. However, internet security will have to be in the foremost thought of the IT Department in the development stages through the employment of the Frequent Buyers Program launch. The IT systems employed will â€Å"gather personal data about customer bases, and use it to support vital functions, such as the authentication of individuals requesting service, verification of credit and accounting information, delivery of services and goods, marketing, decision-making and law enforcement† (Appel, p. 156, 2006). Security Considerations The design and development of the database should not solely be focused on the access to and the protection of the personnel identifiable information that is being stored of the database. This information should be considered sensitive as it could be access in the attempt of identification theft or other forms of fraud. Programs of the nature have shown that they release they sensitive information to third party buyers. (Appel, 2006). Purchases that an individual makes should be held in a private and secure location and should not be shared with anyone outside of Kudler Fine Foods. An implementation of this should help ease a buyers concern that we are sharing their information with anyone who does not need to have it. The development of Kudler’s e-commerce site should be designed to fully secure. This is to help any unethical occurrences form happening; however, it will not prevent them from being attempted. Financial Analysis This initial cost of the startup of this program will be a minimal impact on Kudler Fine Foods. The initial advertisement effort will be done via social media; the companies Facebook page and Twitter account, email and word of mouth. Allowing for a reward system for costumer referrals can be used for current and new customers as the programs is employed and continues to grow. Rajiv and bell argue â€Å"customer retention costs are generally lower than customer acquisition costs, companies are better of focusing attention on their more loyal customers especially since the top 20% of customers account for 80% of revenues and often more than 100% of profits† (p. 180, 2003). Kudler Foods could reduce their marketing expenses by using a customer loyalty system through the use of rewards. The sales increase from this program should be reflected by the increase of new customers and the increased returning customers increased spending. The use of seasonal promotions only available to costumers enrolled into the frequent buyers program could also help in increased sales profits. Conclusion A frequent shopper program can be a successful tool is used correctly by a company. The difficult task will always be bringing in new costumers. This program should allow for the retention of existing customers with Kudler Fine Foods. A rewards points system should be used for the exchange of costume items only available to customers enrolled in the frequent shopper program. This will entice customers to remain loyal to the company and refer the friends and family to the program. The increased awareness of the customers privacy should always stressed from the designing of the program, through the implementation and further in the continuing changes of the program. Ensuring that the customers understand that their information is not shared with any third party organizations and that their information will help in the advancement of this program should minimize conflicts. The paramount concern should always be information security and privacy of customers identifying information will help keep this program a success.

How Tourism Promote Culture of Peace Essay

â€Å"I have watched the cultures of all lands blow around my house and other winds have blown the seeds of peace, for travel is the language of peace.† .. . Mahatma Gandhi Does tourism promote culture of peace? The tourism has become the important industry in the developing countries for the economic development. Tourism appears to be one of the few economic sectors able to guide a number of developing countries to higher levels of prosperity and for some to leave behind their least developed country status: As tourism is one of the world’s major industries and in continuously expanding. Tourism is the biggest and fastest growing industry in the world. Peace is a precondition for travel and tourism and all aspects of human growth and development. Tourism can rise above governmental boundaries by bringing people closer together through the understanding of different cultures, heritages, and beliefs. Therefore, it is potentially one of the most important vehicles for promoting peace among the peoples of the world. Tourism society of England (1976) defines tourism as â€Å"Tourism is a temporary short term movement of people to destination outside the places where they normally live and work and their activities during the stay at each destination.† It includes movements for all purposes. Alister Matheison and Geoffrey wall in their book â€Å"Tourism Economic, Physical and Social Impact† 1980 have tourism as â€Å"it is the temporary movement of the people to destination outside their normal places of work and residence, the activities undertaken during their stay in those destination and facilities created to cater to their needs.† Tourism has a wide range of positive economic impacts. It contributes directly to sales, profits, jobs, tax revenues, and income in the primary tourism sectors such as hotels, restaurants and transportation. Positive aspects of Tourism * Provides employment opportunities * Increases incomes and governmental revenues * Increased gross national products * Can promote local products and resources * Promotes a global community * Promotes international understanding and peace As there are also negative aspect of tourism which creates the social problems, degrades natural physical environment and creates pollution. It also increases the crime, prostitution and gambling but in another way it can be develop as a part of tourism. There are some criticisms on tourism that creates conflict in the host country, and commercialize culture, region and arts. So we can relate tourism and peace as peace can be simply known as â€Å"the absence of war† and calls for new positive concept of peace accepting the perspective of an organic and interconnected world. Regarding the peace; World tourism conference in Manila in 1980, declared that world tourism can be vital force for the world peace. So the tourism industry has a role of promoting global understanding, trust and world peace. Further, United Nations has also focused on peace and tourism and has identified creating peace through tourism is an important means to create peace in the world. Marxist theorist also assumed that inequality is a cause of conflict. More than inequality between individuals, rather inequality between ethnic groups or between regions referred as horizontal inequality. The major thing is the movement of people as a tourism triggers important process of capital formation and wealth distribution. It also helps to change the fundamental nature and social cultural relation of the people. Moreover, tourism reduces social inequalities by uplifting the living conditions of marginalized people which also helps to reduce structural violence. From the peace studies point of view, we considers tourism has potential to reduce violence as tourism is consumed at the point of production of increasing opportunities for individual and micro enterprises to sell additional products or services. Tourism is also based on diversity drawing from a large resources base which increases scope of wider participation. Tourism helps to raise living standard of people and deprived communities. Based on the common perception of the link between Tourism and peace, a number of scholars have argued for a role for tourism in the promotion of peace for specific countries. The relationship of the USA and the People’s Republic of China is a good example of the contribution of tourism to world peace. After the terrorists’ attack to the World Trade Centre on the 11th of September 2001, there was a significant decline (6.8 per cent fewer international tourists visiting than the previous year) in the number of tourists as was seen in the financial difficulty of many aviation companies. Terrorist attacks have sprung up in many tourist destinations, such as Bali and more recently Madrid. D’ Amore (1988) suggested that the key to a changed political relationship between the USA and the People’s Republic of China was opening travel in various forms such as conferences, sports and trade. The role of tourism in the promotion of peace compatible with liberalism has been supported by a number of examples such as relations between the USA and the People’s Republic of China and the People’s Republic of China and Taiwan. The nature of traditional society is both an expression and cause of underdevelopment. So major and fundamental changes must occur across social, cultural, political and economic values, institutions and patterns of action if modernization to occur. There is a close relationship between economies and violent conflict. Conflict begins with the economic factor that makes some societies move to conflict. One of the main factors is poverty, mostly feature in civil wars. Economic growth is also associated with lower levels of conflict. If there would be policy that aim to promote growth in developing countries are in effect, agents of conflict prevention. Absence of war is an essential condition for peace and for the development, but it is not at all sufficient for any people to feel peaceful. Peace contains more positive concept. Tourism is not only the beneficiary of peace, but also vital force for negative and positive peace. Tourism should be designed and conducted in a proper way because it has both benefits and costs to local and global economy and society, culture and environment. If all the actors play their own role, tourism can gradually lead to peace. Tourism can lead peace when it is properly conducted by each actor and when more people can have opportunities to serve in this sector. Tourism is recognized as an instrument of social and cultural understanding by the opportunity offered to bring different people in contact and to provide facility of a acquisition and exchange of information about the way of life, cultures, languages and other social and economic endowments of the people as well as a change for making friendships and achieving goodwill and peace. The basic assumption of those who see tourism as a peace generator is that tourism allows people to know each other, to work with each other, and to learn to appreciate each other’s cultures and by so doing come to appreciate each other. The role of tourism and peace can be viewed from two perspectives, namely socio cultural and political (Kunwar, 2010). The political perspective on tourism and world peace focuses upon tourism as a promoter of national integration and international understanding, goodwill and peace. Peace tourism sees every traveler as an ambassador to peace. Socially and environmentally responsible tourism helps to foster stability, economic equity, and ultimately, a more peaceful society. Tourism can become a vital force to promote positive peace. Although tourism has negative and positive impacts, all the actors involved in tourism seems to recognize the necessity of global perspective, aided by the growing concern for sustainability in tourism. Based on a long-term perspective, tourism in a sustainable way can maximize the revenues of destination communities and governments and the profits of tourism enterprises, and keep attracting tourists and motivating local populations. Sustainable tourism satisfies tourists and host regions by protecting and enhancing opportunities for the future. The ultimate aims of tourism should be heading towards creating a better quality of life for all people, tolerance, economic sustainability and the reduction of structural violence. It has been argued that tourism is a positive force able to reduce tension and hostility by promoting peace in international relations. Tourism has significant political implications in world politics and international relations. Governments can use tourism as a political leverage to either promote tourism with friendly countries or restrict tourism with hostile countries by controlling the movement of tourists and the opportunities to have people-to people contacts. Therefore promotion of tourism leads to establish the global â€Å"culture of peace†. REFERENCES * Alon Gelbman (2008): Border Tourism in Israel: Conflict, Peace, Fear and Hope, Tourism Geographies: An International Journal of Tourism Space, Place and Environment, 10:2, 193-213 * Dallen J. Timothy (1999): Cross-Border Partnership in Tourism Resource Management: International Parks along the US-Canada Border, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 7:3-4, 182-205 * Ap, John, and Turgut Var (1990): Does Tourism promote World Peace? Tourism Management 11(3):267-273 * Anson, Caroline (1991): Planning for Peace: The role of tourism in the aftermath of violence. journal of travel Research 38(1): 57-61

drug testing1 essays

drug testing1 essays Precision Machine Tool is a machine tool company that primarily manufactures for the automobile industry. The machine tool industry is self-sufficient in that they use their resources to manufacture products; that is, they use their own tools. Precision Machine tool uses big machines to build parts for lathes, which are sold in the automobile industry for use in factories. Precision has always had a reputation of quality, though it has declined because of aging technology and machines. The aging of the technology is because of a decline in their capital caused by a recession in the automotive industry. During the late 1970s, the American automotive industry was at its apex. Americans fell behind during this boom because of inadequate production capacity. The Japanese had identified the machine industry as a growing industry and invested in modernization of technology. Consequently, Japanese technology was better and costs were lower. When a recession hit in 1980-1981, American firms had little capital to invest, and thus could not modernize their equipment. The industries that are going to survive in the future are those that have the most efficient computerized operations and that produce the cheapest, most reliable products. The Japanese have this edge and the American machine tool manufacturers are reluctant to change their ideologies of buying only American made products. John Garner and Tom Avery created precision Machine Tool. John Garner is the president of Precision Machine Tool, and is a financial conservative. He prefers to invest in the company using only its profits. Tom Avery is an expert tool design engineer. He is in charge of the manufacturing and management end of the business. Both men are very critical of selling out to the Japanese and want to keep Precision American. One of the main problems plaguing Precision is the aging of its technology and equipment ...

Understanding French Stressed Pronouns

Understanding French Stressed Pronouns Stressed pronouns, also known as disjunctive pronouns, are used to emphasize a noun or pronoun that refers to a person. There are nine forms in French. Please see the table at the bottom of the page. French stressed pronouns correspond in some ways to their English counterparts, but are very different in other ways. Note that the English translations sometimes require different sentence structures altogether. Stressed pronouns are used in the following ways in French: I. To emphasize nouns or pronouns (accent tonique)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  - Je pense quil a raison.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  - Moi, je pense quil a tort.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  - Je ne sais pas, moi.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  - I think hes right.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  - I think hes wrong.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  - I dont know. II. After cest and ce sont (accent tonique)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cest toi qui à ©tudies lart.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Youre the one whos studying art.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ce sont elles qui aiment Paris.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  They love Paris. III. When a sentence has more than one subject or object     Ã‚  Michel et moi jouons au tennis.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Michael and I are playing tennis.     Ã‚  Toi et lui, vous à ªtes trà ¨s gentils.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  You and he are very kind.     Ã‚  Je les ai vus, lui et elle.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I saw him and her. IV. To ask and answer questions  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  - Qui va la plage  ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  - Lui.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  - Who is going to the beach?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  - He is.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jai faim, et toi?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Im hungry, and you? V. After prepositions  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Vas-tu manger sans moi?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Are you going to eat without me?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Louis habite chez elle.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Louis lives at her house. VI. After que in comparisons  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Elle est plus grande que toi.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  She is taller than you (are).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il travaille plus que moi.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  He works more than I (do). VII. With emphatic words like aussi, non plus, seul, and surtout  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lui seul a travaillà © hier.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  He alone worked yesterday.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Eux aussi veulent venir.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  They want to come too. VIII. With -mà ªme(s) for emphasis     Ã‚  Prà ©pare-t-il le dà ®ner lui-mà ªme?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Is he making dinner himself?     Ã‚  Nous le ferons nous-mà ªmes.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Well do it ourselves. IX. With the negative adverb ne...que and conjunction ne...ni...ni     Ã‚  Je ne connais que lui ici.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hes the only one I know here.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ni toi ni moi ne le comprenons.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Neither you nor I understand it. X. After the preposition to indicate possession     Ã‚  Ce stylo est moi.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This pen is mine.     Ã‚  Quel livre est toi?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Which book is yours? XI. With certain verbs that dont allow a preceding indirect object pronoun     Ã‚  Je pense toi.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Im thinking of you.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Fais attention eux.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pay attention to them. Note: Soi is used for unspecified persons. Would you like to test your skills with French stressed pronouns? English French me moi you toi him lui her elle oneself soi us nous you vous them (masc) eux them (fem) elles How to Use the French Pronoun Soi Soi  is one of the most often misused French pronouns.  Its the third person indefinite stressed pronoun, which means that it is used only for unspecified persons; i.e., with an  indefinite pronoun  or  impersonal verb.  Soi  is equivalent to one or oneself, but in English, we usually say everyone instead.      Ã‚  On va chez soi.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Everyone is going (to his or her respective) home.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Chacun pour soi.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Every man for himself.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il faut avoir confiance en soi.  Ã‚  Ã‚  One should have confidence in oneself (in him/herself).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tout le monde doit le faire soi-mà ªme.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Everyone has to do it him/herself. Some French students get confused between  soi-mà ªme  and  lui-mà ªme. If you remember that  soi  can only be used for unspecified persons, you should be ok.     Ã‚  Il va le faire lui-mà ªme.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hes going to do it himself.     Ã‚  On va le faire soi-mà ªme.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Everyone is going to do it him/herself.

Financial intermediation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Financial intermediation - Essay Example It is noted that the systemic stability contributes to the risk reduction. This is achieved through geographic diversification and this is analysed by the two/three of the cross-province merger and acquisitions. The empirical findings have been derived by applying a probabilistic theoretical model. This has supported the efficiency hypothesis rather than the imminent failure hypothesis. Thus journal contributes value to the readers as it not only shed light on the debate in the literature but also has policy implications for the merger and acquisitions today. These policy implications hold great importance as the economists and policymakers need to have a good look at them and follow them in all the policies that design. Economists and policymakers’ grave concerns about megabank failures and their consequences on financial markets and the economy are reinforced by empirical evidence on the concentration-fragility hypothesis. It is noted that the consolidation and systemic risk are positively related, although other factors also contributed to the increased risk. Moreover, it is stated that banking crises are less likely in more concentrated banking systems among 70 countries over 1980-97. However, this is not a hard and fast rule and there is a probability of concentration- fragility hypothesis which need to be analysed as well. ... New megabanks like the Citibank are also emerging. Thus, there is more concentration of banks thereby increasing the systemic banking risk. The importance of competitiveness is well known throughout the land but the Minister of Finance of the Canadian Government proposed bank mergers in 1998. However, there is a mixed result found after the mergers and acquisitions of the financial institutions have taken place. Moreover, the public policy implications are also very essential to be noted because they influence the allocation of the total amount of money available from the merged banks. This may involve conflicts of interests and the of objectives of the many stakeholders could be at stake. These regulations could be very different from commercial bankers’. They emphasize more on post-merger systemic risk than bankers. This is because of the costly banking crises; for example the financial tsunami of 2007. Thus these policies are given great importance by the economists and pol icymakers. There is a need to closely study the megabank failures, their consequences on financial markets and the economy and they must be supported by empirical evidence on the concentration. The scope of mergers and acquisitions has been manageable. The focus of this paper is on the relationship between banking consolidation and stability by examining the stability. The financial institutions under study are of the Canadian banking system. The time period under study is 1867-1935; from Confederation to the formation of the Bank of Canada. Hypothesis one says that these mergers and acquisitions are driven by market forces. They later become more efficient and stable banking system. The other hypothesis says that mergers and acquisitions have been

Analysis of Piracy and Plagiarism Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Analysis of Piracy and Plagiarism - Case Study Example However, one may point out that the need to create pirated movies has been influenced by the high prices or original versions of similar content. This counter-argument may not justify the practice. The price of movie production has increased significantly. For this reason, the consumer should appreciate the art of movie production. From a financial perspective, the cost incurred in the production process can only be compensated if consumers purchase the product at an appropriate price. The desired profit ratio cannot be acquired through the sale of pirated movies. Karaganis is the assumption that the price of pirated movies is almost 60% less of the price of the original DVDs. The rise of pirated movies has influenced the growth of television networks that offer alternative modes of consumer access to movies. For instance, the growth of television networks such as Netflix has been influenced by the need to create cheaper ways that consumers may access movies legally. However, the gro wth of such networks has been cited as a negative impact on the sale of original DVDs. Regardless, the trend is embraced hugely as it increases the level of exposure of movies. Strauss asserts that television networks offer a legal alternative that may substitute piracy to a consumer population seeking cheaper options. Another significant effect of piracy is the increased release of counterfeit movies with low quality. This dents the reputation of movie makers. However, if a consumer acquires a counterfeit movie they may not create a negative perception of the movie maker since they may understand the circumstances of which the movie was accessed. But, production of counterfeit movies of low quality does allow the consumer to capture the real creativity and effort of the movies made.